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Choral Genres and Styles
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Madrigal
A secular vocal music composition, usually a partsong, of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras.
Motet
A polyphonic choral composition based on a sacred Latin text.
Mass
A choral composition that sets the liturgical text of the Eucharist to music.
Anthem
A choral piece with sacred text in English, often used in the context of Anglican worship.
Cantata
Originally a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, often involving a choir.
Oratorio
A large-scale musical work for orchestra and voices, typically a narrative on a religious theme.
Requiem
A mass for the dead, set to music.
Spiritual
A genre of songs, usually with a Christian theme, originating from the African American slave community.
Gospel
A genre of Christian music that often expresses personal or communal belief regarding Christian life.
Carol
A festive song, generally religious but not necessarily tied to church worship, and often with a dance or folk character.
Fugue
A compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject that is introduced at the beginning and recurs frequently in the course of the composition.
Gregorian Chant
A form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the western Roman Catholic Church.
Chorale
A melody to which a hymn is sung by a congregation in a German Protestant Church service.
Canticle
A hymn derived from the biblical canticles and sung during church services.
Secular Choral Music
Choral music that is not intended for religious worship and often includes love, folklore, and nature themes.
Sacred Choral Music
Choral music that is intended for religious worship, often involving texts from liturgical sources or the Bible.
Part Song
A form of secular vocal music in which one melody is sung by all the parts in harmony.
Lieder
Traditional German songs, often for voice and piano, that were composed during the Romantic era.
Shape-Note Singing
A musical notation system used in sacred music that assigns shapes to note heads to indicate their pitch.
Villancico
Originally a Spanish poetic and musical form that became associated with the rustic themes of peasantry and folklore.
Chant
A rhythmic speaking or singing of words or sounds, often based on one or two pitches and used in some religious rituals.
Aria
A self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment in an opera, cantata, or oratorio.
Polyphony
A style of composition that uses multiple, independent melodic lines occurring at the same time.
Homophony
A texture where a primary part is supported by one or more additional strands that flesh out the harmony and often move together rhythmically.
Monody
A style of composing music where a single melodic line is supported by a simple accompaniment. This was an early form of Opera in the Baroque period.
A cappella
Singing without instrumental accompaniment, often involving rich choral textures and harmony.
Barbershop
A style of a cappella close harmony singing with four parts: lead, tenor, bass, and baritone.
Minstrelsy
Originally, a form of entertainment featuring white performers in blackface, typically portraying stereotypes of African American culture.
Opera Chorus
A large ensemble of singers who act as a group of characters within an opera, contributing to the narrative and emotional weight of the piece.
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