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Choral Arranging Techniques
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Dynamics
The variations in loudness or softness in a piece of music.
Soli
A section designed for a group of soloists within the choir.
Divisi
A technique where a single choral part is divided into two or more parts.
Ostinato
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.
Text Painting
Composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics.
Spacing Chords
The vertical arrangement of notes within a chord for optimal sound.
Fugal Writing
Composing music where a theme or subject is introduced by one part and then successively taken up by others.
Phrasing
The way in which a musical sentence or line is articulated and shaped.
Cross-Voicing
Arranging voices so that one part sings a note that lies in the range of another part.
Cluster Chords
Chords made up of consecutive notes that are close together.
Counter-Melody
An additional melody sung simultaneously with the main melody.
Staccato
Singing notes in a detached and separated manner.
Voicing
Refers to how choral parts are distributed and arranged across the ensemble.
A Cappella
Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment.
Contrast
Using differing musical elements to create variety in a composition.
Modulation
Changing from one key to another within a composition.
Sforzando
A sudden, forceful emphasis on a note or chord.
Tutti
A passage where all voices or parts move together.
Antiphonal Singing
A style of singing where two groups of singers sing in alternation or in opposition.
Polyphony
A texture with two or more independent lines of music occurring simultaneously.
Block Chords
Chords where all the notes are sung simultaneously with the same rhythm.
Canon
A contrapuntal technique where a melody is imitated after a short delay.
Legato Singing
Smooth and connected style of singing, without breaks between notes.
Chord Inversions
Reordering the notes of a chord so that different notes are the bass.
Hemiola
A musical figure in which two bars in triple time are articulated as if they were three bars in duple time.
Vocal Percussion
Mimicking percussion sounds using one's mouth, lips, tongue, or voice.
Homophony
A texture where all voices move together rhythmically.
Call and Response
A succession of two distinct phrases where the second phrase is a direct commentary on or response to the first.
Unison
Singing the same notes or melody by all singers simultaneously.
Fermata
A symbol indicating that the note should be held longer than its value.
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