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Choral Arranging Techniques
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Text Painting
Composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics.
Voicing
Refers to how choral parts are distributed and arranged across the ensemble.
Block Chords
Chords where all the notes are sung simultaneously with the same rhythm.
Vocal Percussion
Mimicking percussion sounds using one's mouth, lips, tongue, or voice.
Tutti
A passage where all voices or parts move together.
Chord Inversions
Reordering the notes of a chord so that different notes are the bass.
Cluster Chords
Chords made up of consecutive notes that are close together.
Counter-Melody
An additional melody sung simultaneously with the main melody.
Soli
A section designed for a group of soloists within the choir.
Spacing Chords
The vertical arrangement of notes within a chord for optimal sound.
Divisi
A technique where a single choral part is divided into two or more parts.
Call and Response
A succession of two distinct phrases where the second phrase is a direct commentary on or response to the first.
Contrast
Using differing musical elements to create variety in a composition.
Modulation
Changing from one key to another within a composition.
Phrasing
The way in which a musical sentence or line is articulated and shaped.
Polyphony
A texture with two or more independent lines of music occurring simultaneously.
Legato Singing
Smooth and connected style of singing, without breaks between notes.
Unison
Singing the same notes or melody by all singers simultaneously.
Ostinato
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.
Homophony
A texture where all voices move together rhythmically.
Fermata
A symbol indicating that the note should be held longer than its value.
Dynamics
The variations in loudness or softness in a piece of music.
Staccato
Singing notes in a detached and separated manner.
Hemiola
A musical figure in which two bars in triple time are articulated as if they were three bars in duple time.
A Cappella
Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment.
Antiphonal Singing
A style of singing where two groups of singers sing in alternation or in opposition.
Fugal Writing
Composing music where a theme or subject is introduced by one part and then successively taken up by others.
Cross-Voicing
Arranging voices so that one part sings a note that lies in the range of another part.
Sforzando
A sudden, forceful emphasis on a note or chord.
Canon
A contrapuntal technique where a melody is imitated after a short delay.
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