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Choral Arranging Techniques
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Voicing
Refers to how choral parts are distributed and arranged across the ensemble.
Text Painting
Composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics.
Homophony
A texture where all voices move together rhythmically.
Polyphony
A texture with two or more independent lines of music occurring simultaneously.
Block Chords
Chords where all the notes are sung simultaneously with the same rhythm.
Divisi
A technique where a single choral part is divided into two or more parts.
A Cappella
Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment.
Spacing Chords
The vertical arrangement of notes within a chord for optimal sound.
Dynamics
The variations in loudness or softness in a piece of music.
Cluster Chords
Chords made up of consecutive notes that are close together.
Canon
A contrapuntal technique where a melody is imitated after a short delay.
Contrast
Using differing musical elements to create variety in a composition.
Modulation
Changing from one key to another within a composition.
Counter-Melody
An additional melody sung simultaneously with the main melody.
Call and Response
A succession of two distinct phrases where the second phrase is a direct commentary on or response to the first.
Phrasing
The way in which a musical sentence or line is articulated and shaped.
Vocal Percussion
Mimicking percussion sounds using one's mouth, lips, tongue, or voice.
Tutti
A passage where all voices or parts move together.
Antiphonal Singing
A style of singing where two groups of singers sing in alternation or in opposition.
Unison
Singing the same notes or melody by all singers simultaneously.
Ostinato
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.
Soli
A section designed for a group of soloists within the choir.
Fermata
A symbol indicating that the note should be held longer than its value.
Fugal Writing
Composing music where a theme or subject is introduced by one part and then successively taken up by others.
Cross-Voicing
Arranging voices so that one part sings a note that lies in the range of another part.
Legato Singing
Smooth and connected style of singing, without breaks between notes.
Sforzando
A sudden, forceful emphasis on a note or chord.
Staccato
Singing notes in a detached and separated manner.
Chord Inversions
Reordering the notes of a chord so that different notes are the bass.
Hemiola
A musical figure in which two bars in triple time are articulated as if they were three bars in duple time.
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