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Operatic Terms and Definitions
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Intermezzo
A short piece of instrumental music used as a bridge between acts or scenes in an opera.
Aria
A self-contained piece for one voice, usually with orchestral accompaniment.
Recitative
A style of delivery where a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech.
Heldentenor
A powerful, heroic tenor voice, particularly associated with Wagnerian opera.
Quartet
A composition for four voices or instruments.
Divertissement
A lengthy dance or musical interlude within an opera, often unrelated to the plot.
Falsetto
A vocal register above the natural voice range, produced by the vibration of the ligamentous edges of the vocal cords, in whole or in part.
Cantabile
A style of singing that is lyrical and flowing, in a singing style.
Prima donna
The leading lady in an opera; often a term for a very temperamental person.
Primo uomo
The principal male singer in an opera company.
Appoggiatura
An ornamental note that clashes with the melody note following it and is resolved by stepping to that note.
Castrato
A male singer castrated before puberty to preserve the soprano or alto vocal range, prominent in 17th- and 18th-century opera.
Pasticcio
An opera composed of works from various composers, often put together to create a new work.
Drama giocoso
A type of opera that blends serious and comic action.
Con Brio
A musical term that means with spirit or vigor.
Mezzo-soprano
Voice type between soprano and contralto, often associated with rich mid-range vocal quality.
Fach
A system that classifies opera singers by the range, weight, and color of their voices.
Pizzicato
A playing technique that involves plucking the strings of a string instrument.
Buffa
Opera 'buffa' is a genre of opera characterized by light, humorous themes and typically having a happy ending.
Comprimario
A supporting or secondary role in an opera.
Caesura
A complete break in sound, sometimes called ‘railroad tracks’, often seen as two vertical slashes (//).
Bravura
A showy, brilliant style of singing designed to exhibit the singer's vocal skills.
Baritone
A male voice type that lies between the bass and the tenor voices.
Coloratura
Elaborate ornamentation of a vocal line.
Cadenza
A virtuosic solo passage inserted into a movement or aria within larger vocal works, often improvised or written in a free style.
Maestro
A title of respect given to a master musician, often the conductor or music director of an opera.
Legato
A smooth, flowing manner of playing or singing a series of notes so that they are connected smoothly together.
Portamento
A smooth, gliding transition from one pitch to another.
Cavatina
A short, simple melody or song without a second strain or any repetition of the air.
Soubrette
A young, lighter soprano voice type, often playing ingenue roles or other youthful, flirtatious characters.
Oratorio
A large musical composition including an orchestra, a choir, and soloists; similar to an opera but without costumes, scenery, or acting.
Duetto
A musical composition for two performers with equal importance to the piece, particularly in opera.
Regieoper
A style of opera production where the director's vision is emphasized over the composer's or the text's intentions.
Libretto
The text or script of an opera.
Leitmotif
A recurring musical theme associated with a particular person, place, or idea.
Bel canto
A style of singing that emphasizes beautiful tone, legato phrasing, and agility.
Basso buffo
A bass singer who specializes in comic roles.
Singspiel
A form of German light opera, typically with spoken dialogue, popular in the late 18th century.
Patter song
A comic song characterized by a fast tempo and the rapid delivery of difficult lyrics.
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