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Reading Choral Scores

51

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piano (p)

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Sing softly and gently.

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forte (f)

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Sing loudly and with strength.

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mezzo forte (mf)

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Sing moderately loud.

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mezzo piano (mp)

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Sing moderately soft.

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crescendo (<)

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Gradually increase the volume of your singing.

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decrescendo (>)

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Gradually decrease the volume of your singing.

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sforzando (sfz)

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Sing with a sudden, strong emphasis.

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ritardando (rit.)

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Gradually slow down the tempo.

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accelerando (accel.)

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Gradually speed up the tempo.

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a tempo

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Return to the original pace after a deviation in tempo.

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fermata (𝄐)

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Hold the note or rest longer than its written value.

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legato

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Sing smoothly, connecting each note seamlessly to the next.

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staccato

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Sing with each note detached and separated from the others.

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tenuto

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Sing each note to its full length or slightly longer.

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accent (> above a note)

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Emphasize the note with a stronger attack.

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diminuendo (dim.)

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Gradually decrease the volume of your singing.

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subito (sub.)

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Perform the following marking suddenly or immediately.

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pianissimo (pp)

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Sing very softly.

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fortissimo (ff)

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Sing very loudly.

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con moto

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Sing with motion, or a certain liveliness in the tempo.

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divisi (div.)

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A section of the choir splits into two or more parts to sing different notes.

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unison (uni.)

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All parts sing the same pitch, or an octave apart.

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dal segno (D.S.)

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Repeat from the 'segno' sign.

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dal capo (D.C.)

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Repeat from the beginning of the piece.

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al Fine

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Continue to the word 'Fine' which marks the end of a section or piece.

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al Coda

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Proceed to the 'Coda' section after the repeat.

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Coda

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A concluding section of a piece of music.

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Segno (𝄋)

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The sign to return to when 'D.S.' is encountered.

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Fine

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The end of a piece or section, usually following a repeat sign.

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molto

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Perform the marked instruction with much emphasis, such as 'molto forte' for very loud.

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meno

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Less, as in 'meno mosso' for less motion or slower tempo.

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più

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More, as in 'più forte' for louder.

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marcato (>)

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Sing with marked emphasis or accentuation, stronger than a regular accent.

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simile (sim.)

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Continue applying the previous instructions to the following measures.

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sotto voce

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Sing in an undertone, subdued or as if private.

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senza

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Without, as in 'senza vibrato' to sing without vibrato.

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tacet

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Indicates a voice part doesn't sing for an extended period.

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espressivo (espr.)

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Sing with expression and emotion.

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colla parte

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Follow the lead of the instrumental part, often the piano or principal instrument.

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caesura (//)

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A complete break in sound; a slight pause.

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glissando

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Glide smoothly from one pitch to another.

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lento

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Sing at a slow tempo.

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andante

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Sing at a moderate walking pace.

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allegro

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Sing at a fast and lively tempo.

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vivace

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Sing in a lively and brisk manner.

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rubato

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Flexible timing for expressive purposes; literally 'robbed' time.

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grave

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Sing very slowly and seriously, often used in solemn contexts.

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prestissimo

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Sing at a very fast tempo.

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presto

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Sing at a very fast tempo.

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maestoso

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Sing in a majestic and dignified manner.

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dolce

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Sing sweetly and softly.

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