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Reading Choral Scores
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piano (p)
Sing softly and gently.
al Fine
Continue to the word 'Fine' which marks the end of a section or piece.
fermata (𝄐)
Hold the note or rest longer than its written value.
dolce
Sing sweetly and softly.
legato
Sing smoothly, connecting each note seamlessly to the next.
forte (f)
Sing loudly and with strength.
divisi (div.)
A section of the choir splits into two or more parts to sing different notes.
mezzo forte (mf)
Sing moderately loud.
crescendo (<)
Gradually increase the volume of your singing.
molto
Perform the marked instruction with much emphasis, such as 'molto forte' for very loud.
marcato (>)
Sing with marked emphasis or accentuation, stronger than a regular accent.
al Coda
Proceed to the 'Coda' section after the repeat.
meno
Less, as in 'meno mosso' for less motion or slower tempo.
espressivo (espr.)
Sing with expression and emotion.
prestissimo
Sing at a very fast tempo.
staccato
Sing with each note detached and separated from the others.
Coda
A concluding section of a piece of music.
mezzo piano (mp)
Sing moderately soft.
ritardando (rit.)
Gradually slow down the tempo.
fortissimo (ff)
Sing very loudly.
unison (uni.)
All parts sing the same pitch, or an octave apart.
Fine
The end of a piece or section, usually following a repeat sign.
subito (sub.)
Perform the following marking suddenly or immediately.
pianissimo (pp)
Sing very softly.
dal segno (D.S.)
Repeat from the 'segno' sign.
colla parte
Follow the lead of the instrumental part, often the piano or principal instrument.
lento
Sing at a slow tempo.
accelerando (accel.)
Gradually speed up the tempo.
accent (> above a note)
Emphasize the note with a stronger attack.
vivace
Sing in a lively and brisk manner.
decrescendo (>)
Gradually decrease the volume of your singing.
a tempo
Return to the original pace after a deviation in tempo.
glissando
Glide smoothly from one pitch to another.
andante
Sing at a moderate walking pace.
rubato
Flexible timing for expressive purposes; literally 'robbed' time.
maestoso
Sing in a majestic and dignified manner.
sforzando (sfz)
Sing with a sudden, strong emphasis.
con moto
Sing with motion, or a certain liveliness in the tempo.
più
More, as in 'più forte' for louder.
caesura (//)
A complete break in sound; a slight pause.
presto
Sing at a very fast tempo.
tenuto
Sing each note to its full length or slightly longer.
simile (sim.)
Continue applying the previous instructions to the following measures.
senza
Without, as in 'senza vibrato' to sing without vibrato.
tacet
Indicates a voice part doesn't sing for an extended period.
allegro
Sing at a fast and lively tempo.
diminuendo (dim.)
Gradually decrease the volume of your singing.
dal capo (D.C.)
Repeat from the beginning of the piece.
Segno (𝄋)
The sign to return to when 'D.S.' is encountered.
sotto voce
Sing in an undertone, subdued or as if private.
grave
Sing very slowly and seriously, often used in solemn contexts.
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