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The art of combining melodies that are independent yet harmonically related. Example songs: 'So What' by Miles Davis, 'Fugue in D minor' (The Well-Tempered Clavier) by J.S. Bach as adapted in jazz.

A harmonization technique where each note of the melody is harmonized with a chord, moving in lockstep. Example songs: 'April in Paris' by Count Basie, 'Four Brothers' by Woody Herman.

A sustained note or repeated pitch over which harmonies change. Example songs: 'Maiden Voyage' by Herbie Hancock, 'Naima' by John Coltrane.

Chords are built on intervals of a fourth, rather than the traditional third. Example songs: 'Impressions' by John Coltrane, 'Maiden Voyage' by Herbie Hancock again for a different technique.

Occurs when a chord tone is played just before the chord changes, creating a temporary dissonance. Example songs: 'All The Things You Are' by Jerome Kern, 'Stella by Starlight' by Victor Young.

The climactic part of a jazz arrangement, often loud and energetic. Example songs: 'Sing, Sing, Sing' by Louis Prima (Benny Goodman version), 'Moanin'' by Charles Mingus.

A chord voicing technique where the second highest note of a block chord is transposed down an octave. Example songs: 'Misty' by Erroll Garner, 'I'll Remember April' by Gene DePaul.

A technique where a triad is superimposed over a different chord, typically a dominant 7th, to create tension. Example songs: 'Giant Steps' by John Coltrane, 'Dolphin Dance' by Herbie Hancock.

A compositional technique where one phrase (the call) is answered by a second phrase (the response). Example songs: 'Night in Tunisia' by Dizzy Gillespie, 'Sidewinder' by Lee Morgan.