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Jazz Composition Techniques
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Bebop
Characterized by complex chord progressions and rapid tempo. Example: Charlie Parker's compositions, such as 'Anthropology', which feature fast chord changes.
Modal Jazz
Based on modal scales rather than traditional chord progressions, allowing for extensive improvisation. Example: Miles Davis's 'So What' uses D Dorian mode for the A sections and E♭ Dorian for the bridge.
Rhythm Changes
A chord progression based on George Gershwin's 'I Got Rhythm'. Example: Many bebop tunes like Charlie Parker's 'Anthropology' utilize this progression.
Blues Scale
A scale combining the minor pentatonic scale with additional notes, often used in improvisation. Example: The C blues scale includes C, E♭, F, G♭, G, B♭.
Harmonic Substitution
Altering the standard chord progression to add chromaticism or complexity. Example: Replacing a G7 chord with a D♭7 chord to create a tritone substitution.
Quartal and Quintal Harmony
Chords and harmonic structures built on fourths and fifths, rather than thirds. Example: The use of chords stacked in fourths in McCoy Tyner's piano voicings.
Call and Response
A technique where one instrument or group plays a phrase and another instrument or group answers it. Example: A trumpet plays a melody and the saxophone section responds with an answering phrase.
Polyrhythm
The use of two or more conflicting rhythms simultaneously. Example: Playing a three-over-two feel, where one instrument plays a triplet rhythm over a straight duple meter.
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