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Classical Music Forms

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Opera

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A dramatic work combining text (libretto) and a musical score, with roles sung by vocal soloists and usually accompanied by an orchestra.

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Fugue

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A contrapuntal composition where a theme is introduced by one voice and successively taken up by others.

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Rondo

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A musical composition during which the first section recurs several times, interspersed with other sections called episodes.

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Concerto

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A musical composition typically composed in three movements, where a solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra.

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Oratorio

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A large scale musical work for orchestra and voices, typically a narrative on a religious theme, without the use of costumes, scenery, or action.

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Sonatina

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A short or simplified sonata, typically for piano, with a basic three-movement structure.

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String Quartet

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A chamber music ensemble consisting of four string players – two violinists, a violist, and a cellist – or a composition written to be performed by such a group.

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Ballade

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A type of narrative song or poem that typically contains a moral lesson or a heroic tale, often associated with the Romantic era in music.

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Suite

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A set of instrumental compositions, originally in dance form, to be played in succession.

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Symphony

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A multi-movement work for orchestra, typically consisting of four contrasting movements.

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Sonata

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A composition for one or more solo instruments, often consisting of three or four movements with contrasting forms and tempos.

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Minuet

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A social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time.

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Lied

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A German-texted solo vocal song, generally with piano accompaniment.

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Cantata

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A vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.

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Scherzo

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A vigorous, light, or playful composition, typically comprising a movement in a symphony or a sonata.

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