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Music Notation Symbols
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Treble Clef
Indicates the pitch of written notes is relatively high; used for violin, flute, oboe, and women's voices.
Bass Clef
Indicates the pitch of written notes is relatively low; used for bass, tuba, trombone, and men's voices.
Eighth Note
Represents one half of a beat in common time; a filled-in note head with a stem and one flag or beam.
Sixteenth Note
Represents a quarter of a beat in common time; a filled-in note head with a stem and two flags or beams.
Thirty-second Note
Represents an eighth of a beat in common time; a filled-in note head with a stem and three flags or beams.
Sixty-fourth Note
Represents a sixteenth of a beat in common time; a filled-in note head with a stem and four flags or beams.
Fermata
Indicates that a note or rest should be held longer than its value; also known as a hold or a bird's eye.
Staccato
Indicates a note should be played shorter than its notated duration, with separation from the following note.
Accent
Emphasizes a note with a dynamic attack; the note is played louder than the surrounding notes.
Tie
Connects two adjacent notes of the same pitch into a single, sustained note.
Slur
Indicates that notes should be played smoothly and connected, without breaks between them.
Crescendo
Gradually increases the volume; represented by a hairpin opening outwards.
Alto Clef
Centers the note C in the middle of the staff; used for viola and alto trombone.
Decrescendo
Gradually decreases the volume; represented by a hairpin closing inwards.
Time Signature
Indicates the number of beats in each measure and which note value is equivalent to a beat.
Dynamics
Indicates the volume at which music is played; includes symbols such as p (piano), f (forte), mf (mezzo-forte), etc.
Da Capo
Means 'from the head'; an instruction to return to the beginning of the piece.
Dal Segno
Means 'from the sign'; instructs the player to repeat the piece from the sign '𝄋'.
Fine
Marks the end of a piece or a section of a piece that's to be repeated.
Repeat Sign
Indicates a section of music that is to be played more than once.
Codetta
A short conclusion section; a little coda that helps to round off a section of music.
Trill
A rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or whole tone apart.
Coda
An ending section of a piece of music; often contains a final thematic material.
Tenor Clef
Similar to Alto Clef, but centers the note C on the fourth line; used for upper ranges of bassoon, cello, trombone.
Segno
The sign that is used in conjunction with Dal Segno; indicates where to return when instructed.
Breath Mark
A small apostrophe-like symbol placed above the staff; indicates where the performer should take a breath.
Forte-Piano
A dynamic marking that indicates to play a note loudly (forte) and then immediately softly (piano).
Sforzando
A sudden, strong emphasis on a note or chord; usually involves a harsh accent.
Glissando
A continuous sliding from one pitch to another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale executed rapidly (an effective glissando).
Fermata
A musical notation indicating that the note should be prolonged beyond the normal duration its note value would indicate.
Mordent
An ornament indicating that the note is to be played with a single rapid alternation with the note above or below.
Turn
A short figure consisting of the note above the one indicated, the note itself, the note below the one indicated, and the note itself again.
Articulation
Directions to a performer on how to play a note or group of notes; includes staccato, legato, accent, and more.
Dotted Note
A dot after a note head increases the duration of the note by half its original value.
Sharp
Raises the pitch of a note by one half step.
Grace Note
A small note with a slash through the stem; indicates an ornament played quickly before the main note, often crushed into it.
Arpeggio
Breaks a chord into a sequence of notes played in quick succession, usually from low to high.
Pedal Mark
Indicates where the sustain pedal of the piano should be applied or released.
Flat
Lowers the pitch of a note by one half step.
Natural
Cancels a previous sharp or flat and returns the note to its original pitch.
Whole Note
Represents four beats in common time; a hollow note head with no stem.
Half Note
Represents two beats in common time; a hollow note head with a stem.
Quarter Note
Represents one beat in common time; a filled-in note head with a stem.
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