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Musical Terms and Definitions

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Allegro

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A fast, lively tempo.

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Forte

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To play loud or with strength.

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Piano

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To play softly or quietly.

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Crescendo

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A gradual increase in volume.

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Diminuendo

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A gradual decrease in volume.

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Staccato

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Notes played sharply and detached.

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Legato

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To play notes smoothly and connected.

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Da Capo

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Repeat from the beginning of the piece.

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Dal Segno

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Repeat from the sign ()ofthepiece.) of the piece.

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Fine

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The end of a piece or a section.

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Andante

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A walking pace tempo, moderate speed.

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Adagio

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A slow and leisurely tempo.

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Vivace

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A lively and fast tempo.

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Ritardando

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A gradual slowing down of the tempo.

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Rallentando

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A gradual slowing down of the tempo.

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Sforzando

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A sudden, strong accent on a note or chord.

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Pianissimo

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To play very softly, even softer than piano.

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Fortissimo

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To play very loud, louder than forte.

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Pizzicato

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Plucking the strings of a string instrument with fingers.

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Arco

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To play a string instrument with a bow.

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Marcato

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Played with marked emphasis or accentuation.

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Accelerando

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A gradual speeding up of the tempo.

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Fermata

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A pause of unspecified length on a note or rest.

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Con Moto

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With movement; used to indicate a certain tempo or slightly quicker.

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Con Brio

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With spirit or vigor; implies energetic, enthusiastic playing.

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Molto

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Very, much; used to emphasize another musical directive, as in 'molto allegro'.

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Subito

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Suddenly, immediately; indicates an abrupt change in dynamics or tempo.

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Maestoso

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Majestically, with dignity and grandeur.

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Largo

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In a very slow tempo, broadly.

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Tranquillo

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Tranquil, calm, or peaceful.

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Sostenuto

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Sustained, to lengthen the duration of a note beyond its usual value.

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Espressivo

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Expressive; to play with expression and emotion.

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Agitato

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Agitated; implies a restless or anxious character.

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Con Affetto

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With affection or tenderness.

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Tenuto

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Held; a note played for its full value, or slightly longer.

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Mezzo Forte

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Moderately loud; softer than forte but louder than piano.

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Mezzo Piano

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Moderately soft; louder than pianissimo but softer than piano.

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Lento

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Slowly; a tempo marking slower than 'Andante' but not as slow as 'Largo'.

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Morendo

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Dying away; both in tempo and volume.

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Dolce

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Sweetly and softly; often associated with a gentle, lyrical style.

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Allargando

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Broadening, becoming more stately and slower.

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Animato

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Animated, lively; to play with energy and spirit.

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Pesante

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Heavy, with emphasis and weight.

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Cantabile

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In a singing style, lyrical and flowing.

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L'istesso Tempo

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The same tempo; maintaining the tempo through a change in meter or rhythm.

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Scherzando

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Playful, joking; often light and brisk, sometimes with slight irony or in a teasing manner.

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Tranquillo

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Tranquil or calm; a directive to play quietly and peacefully.

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Rubato

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Robbed time; flexible tempo, stretching and compressing as needed for expressive purposes.

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Glissando

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A continuous slide upward or downward between two notes.

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Senza

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Without; used to indicate the omission of a usual part of the score.

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Tremolo

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A trembling or shaking effect, rapidly repeating the same note or alternating between two or more notes.

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