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Choral Terms and Techniques

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A Cappella

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Singing without any instrumental accompaniment, often featuring complex harmonies and vocal percussion.

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Soprano

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The highest female voice part in a choir, often carrying the melody.

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Alto

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A lower female voice part in a choir, often providing rich harmonies.

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Conductor

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The individual who leads the choir, indicating tempo, dynamics, and interpretation through gestures.

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Cantata

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A medium-length narrative piece of music for voices with instrumental accompaniment, typically with solos, chorus, and orchestra.

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Bass

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The lowest male voice part in a choir, providing foundational harmonies.

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Counterpoint

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The art of combining distinct melodic lines in a musical composition, a common technique in choral works.

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Diction

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The clarity and accuracy of pronunciation in singing, ensuring that the text is understandable.

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Staccato

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A manner of singing where notes are performed with a short, detached approach, adding rhythmic sharpness.

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Intonation

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The accuracy of pitch in singing, critical for harmonizing effectively within a choir.

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Oratorio

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A large musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists, typically based on a sacred text without the use of costumes, scenery, or action.

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Forte

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A dynamic marking indicating to sing loudly, often used to convey strong emotions.

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Polyphony

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A texture in which multiple independent melody lines are sung simultaneously.

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Piano

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A dynamic marking that instructs singers to perform softly and more intimately.

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Sight-Reading

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The ability to read and perform music at first sight, a valuable skill for choir members.

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Legato

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A manner of singing where notes are smoothly connected, creating a flowing and cohesive musical line.

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Tenor

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A higher male voice part in a choir, known for its powerful and resonant sound.

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Score

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A written representation of music showing all the vocal parts, which singers use to learn and perform the music.

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Aria

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A solo vocal piece, usually found in operas or oratorios, characterized by expressive melody and often virtuosic challenges.

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Dynamics

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The variations in loudness or intensity of a piece of music, crucial for expressive singing in a choir.

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Blend

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The seamless integration of individual voices within the choir to achieve a unified sound.

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Homophony

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A texture where all parts move together rhythmically, often with the same or similar melodies.

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Rehearsal

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A practice session in which choir members prepare their repertoire under the guidance of the conductor.

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SATB

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An abbreviation for Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass, indicating a four-part choral texture.

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Vibrato

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A slight, rapid fluctuation in pitch that enhances the warmth and expressiveness of the voice.

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Repertoire

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The collection of music pieces that a choir is prepared to sing, ranging from classical to contemporary works.

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