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Music Notation: Dynamics

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Pianissimo, which means very soft. In music, a pianissimo passage is played very gently and quietly.

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ff

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Fortissimo, meaning very loud. This dynamic signals that the music should be played with great force and volume.

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sfz

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Sforzando, which means a sudden strong accent. This indicates a single note or chord with a forceful, immediate accent.

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p

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Piano, which means soft. This marking indicates a passage of music should be played softly.

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ppp

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Pianississimo, meaning extremely soft. This indicates the music should be performed as softly as possible.

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fp

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Forte-piano, which indicates a note or chord is to be played forte initially, and then immediately followed by piano.

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f>

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Diminuendo from forte, marking a decrease in volume starting from a loud (forte) level.

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fff

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Fortississimo, meaning extremely loud. This marking calls for the music to be played as loud as possible.

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mf sub.

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Mezzo-forte subito, which instructs to play moderately loud with a sudden change to the dynamic level.

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mp

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Mezzo-piano, which means moderately soft. This dynamic marking suggests playing slightly louder than piano.

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f dim.

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Forte diminuendo, indicating the music should begin loudly (forte) and then decrease in volume.

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p<

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Crescendo from piano, marking an increase in volume starting from a soft (piano) level.

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ppp<fff

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Gradual crescendo from extremely soft (pianississimo) to extremely loud (fortississimo), over a passage.

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mf

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Mezzo-forte, which means moderately loud. This indicates that music should be played with a moderate level of volume.

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rfz

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Rinforzando, which means reinforcing. This is a directive to play the note or chord with a sudden increase in volume.

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f

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Forte, which means loud. This dynamic marking suggests that the passage should be played loudly and with energy.

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mf--

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Sostenuto mezzo-forte, indicating the music should be sustained at a moderately loud dynamic.

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p cresc.

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Piano crescendo, indicating the music should start softly (piano) and then gradually increase in volume.

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