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Music Notation: Dynamics
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Flashcards
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pp
Pianissimo, which means very soft. In music, a pianissimo passage is played very gently and quietly.
p
Piano, which means soft. This marking indicates a passage of music should be played softly.
mp
Mezzo-piano, which means moderately soft. This dynamic marking suggests playing slightly louder than piano.
mf
Mezzo-forte, which means moderately loud. This indicates that music should be played with a moderate level of volume.
f
Forte, which means loud. This dynamic marking suggests that the passage should be played loudly and with energy.
ff
Fortissimo, meaning very loud. This dynamic signals that the music should be played with great force and volume.
sfz
Sforzando, which means a sudden strong accent. This indicates a single note or chord with a forceful, immediate accent.
fp
Forte-piano, which indicates a note or chord is to be played forte initially, and then immediately followed by piano.
ppp
Pianississimo, meaning extremely soft. This indicates the music should be performed as softly as possible.
fff
Fortississimo, meaning extremely loud. This marking calls for the music to be played as loud as possible.
rfz
Rinforzando, which means reinforcing. This is a directive to play the note or chord with a sudden increase in volume.
p cresc.
Piano crescendo, indicating the music should start softly (piano) and then gradually increase in volume.
f dim.
Forte diminuendo, indicating the music should begin loudly (forte) and then decrease in volume.
mf sub.
Mezzo-forte subito, which instructs to play moderately loud with a sudden change to the dynamic level.
p<
Crescendo from piano, marking an increase in volume starting from a soft (piano) level.
f>
Diminuendo from forte, marking a decrease in volume starting from a loud (forte) level.
mf--
Sostenuto mezzo-forte, indicating the music should be sustained at a moderately loud dynamic.
ppp<fff
Gradual crescendo from extremely soft (pianississimo) to extremely loud (fortississimo), over a passage.
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