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Opera Terms

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Prima Donna

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The leading female singer in an opera company.

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Aria

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A self-contained piece for one voice, usually with orchestral accompaniment, which is a part of a larger work.

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Libretto

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The text of an opera or other long vocal work.

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Recitative

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A style of delivery in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech; it connects larger musical elements together.

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Tenor

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The highest male voice part in operatic and choral music.

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Baritone

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A male voice part between bass and tenor, with a range that typically extends from A2 to A4.

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Bel Canto

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A lyrical style of operatic singing using a full rich broad tone and smooth phrasing.

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Bass

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The lowest male voice type, with a range that typically extends from E2 to E4.

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Pianissimo

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A musical dynamic instruction indicating to play very softly; softer than piano.

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Contralto

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The lowest female voice type.

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Soprano

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The highest female voice type.

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Cadenza

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A virtuosic solo passage inserted into a movement in a concerto or other work, typically near the end.

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Fortissimo

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A musical dynamic instruction indicating to play very loudly; louder than forte.

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Falsetto

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A method of voice production used by male singers to sing notes higher than their normal range.

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Intermezzo

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A short connecting piece in an opera, often instrumental, that can serve as an entr'acte.

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Mezzo-Soprano

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A female voice part that falls between soprano and contralto, often with a range from G3 to A5.

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Leitmotif

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A short, constantly recurring musical phrase associated with a particular person, place, or idea.

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Singspiel

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A form of German light opera, typically with spoken dialogue alternating with songs.

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Coloratura

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Elaborate ornamentation of a vocal line, typically featuring rapid scales, trills, and leaps.

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Overture

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A piece of music played at the beginning of an opera, usually incorporating themes from the opera.

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Comprimario

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A supporting role in an opera or a singer who performs such roles.

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Diva

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An opera singer, usually a female, who is extremely talented but often very temperamental.

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Pasticcio

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An opera or other musical work composed of works by different composers who may or may not have been intended to be seen together.

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Fach

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A system of classifying singers, primarily opera singers, according to the range, weight, and color of their voices.

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Opera Buffa

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A genre of opera that originated in Italy and is characterized by comedy and lively, often improvised, dialogue.

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Grand Opera

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A genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras, and (in their original productions) lavish and spectacular design and staging.

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Castrato

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A male singer castrated in childhood to preserve the soprano or alto voice range.

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Opera Seria

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A term for the serious, heroic opera of the Baroque period in Italy.

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Legato

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A smooth and connected style of singing or playing that implies no noticeable breaks between consecutive notes.

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Vibrato

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A technique in which a sustained note wavers naturally in pitch and intensity used by singers and instrumentalists.

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