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Musical Symbols and Notations

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StarStarStarStar

𝄢

StarStarStarStar

Indicates the piece is written in the bass clef, often used for lower vocal ranges.

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𝄻

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A fermata indicates that a note should be held longer than its normal duration.

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senza

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Indicates 'without' and is used to instruct performers on what to omit.

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decresc.

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Decrescendo, instructs the performer to gradually decrease the volume.

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colla parte

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Instructs the accompanist to follow the soloist closely in terms of tempo and expression.

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espressivo

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Instructs the performer to play expressively.

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tenuto

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Indicates the note should be sustained for its full value, perhaps with slight emphasis.

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mordent

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A rapid alternation between the indicated note, the note above or below, and returning to the indicated note.

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seconda volta

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Indicates the second time a passage is to be played.

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glissando

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Instructs the performer to slide from one pitch to another.

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caesura

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A complete break in sound, a pause for an indefinite length of time.

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ma non troppo

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Qualifies a musical direction by meaning 'but not too much'.

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mf

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Mezzo-forte, a dynamic marking that indicates a medium loud volume.

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prima volta

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Indicates the first time a passage is to be played.

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pp

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Pianissimo, instructs the performer to sing very softly.

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staccato

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Indicates the notes should be sung with a short, detached approach.

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con brio

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Indicates to perform with spirit or vigor.

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a tempo

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Return to the original tempo of the piece after a deviation.

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cresc.

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Crescendo, instructs the performer to gradually increase the volume.

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subito

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Indicates an immediate change, such as a sudden dynamic shift.

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morendo

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Indicates the music should die away in volume and sometimes tempo.

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breath mark

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A symbol that indicates where the singer should take a breath.

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accent

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Indicates the note should be emphasized or attacked more forcefully.

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segno

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Used to mark a spot to which the performer will return.

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fermata over a rest

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Indicates the rest should be extended beyond its normal duration.

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fine

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Marks the end of a piece or a section within a piece.

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f

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Forte, instructs the performer to sing loudly.

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sforzando

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Indicates a sudden, forceful accent on a single note or chord.

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con sordino

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Instructs string players to use a mute; in vocal music, it implies toning down the volume.

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ff

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Fortissimo, instructs the performer to sing very loudly.

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dim.

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Diminuendo, similar to decrescendo, instructs the performer to decrease the volume.

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dolce

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Instructs the performer to play sweetly and softly.

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grace note

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A small note that embellishes the main note, usually played quickly before the principal note.

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p

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Piano, instructs the performer to sing softly.

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slur

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Indicates that the notes it encompasses should be sung smoothly and connected (legato).

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tie

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Connects two notes of the same pitch, indicating they should be sounded as one.

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marcato

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Indicates the notes should be played with a marked and stressed style.

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sotto voce

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Indicates singing in an undertone, softly, usually for dramatic effect.

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𝄞

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Indicates the piece is written in the treble clef, commonly used for higher vocal ranges.

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trill

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A rapid alternation between the indicated note and the one above it.

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coda

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A concluding passage that brings a piece or a movement to an end.

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divisi

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Indicates that a single vocal part is to be divided to sing different pitches.

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poco a poco

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Indicates a gradual change, typically in dynamics or tempo (e.g., 'poco a poco crescendo').

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tacet

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Indicates the musician should be silent for a specific duration or section.

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𝄡

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Represents the alto or C clef, showing where middle C is located; often used for mezzo-soprano or baritone voices.

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legato

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Indicates that the notes should be played smoothly and connected.

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simile

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Instructs to continue playing in the same manner as previously indicated.

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rit.

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Ritardando, a tempo marking instructing the performer to gradually slow down.

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senza sordino

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Instructs players to remove the mute; in vocal music, it implies returning to normal volume.

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