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Indicates the piece is written in the treble clef, commonly used for higher vocal ranges.

Indicates the piece is written in the bass clef, often used for lower vocal ranges.

Represents the alto or C clef, showing where middle C is located; often used for mezzo-soprano or baritone voices.

A fermata indicates that a note should be held longer than its normal duration.

Piano, instructs the performer to sing softly.

Forte, instructs the performer to sing loudly.

Mezzo-forte, a dynamic marking that indicates a medium loud volume.

Pianissimo, instructs the performer to sing very softly.

Fortissimo, instructs the performer to sing very loudly.

Ritardando, a tempo marking instructing the performer to gradually slow down.

Return to the original tempo of the piece after a deviation.

Crescendo, instructs the performer to gradually increase the volume.

Decrescendo, instructs the performer to gradually decrease the volume.

Diminuendo, similar to decrescendo, instructs the performer to decrease the volume.

Indicates that the notes it encompasses should be sung smoothly and connected (legato).

A symbol that indicates where the singer should take a breath.

Indicates the notes should be sung with a short, detached approach.

Indicates the note should be sustained for its full value, perhaps with slight emphasis.

Indicates the note should be emphasized or attacked more forcefully.

Indicates a sudden, forceful accent on a single note or chord.

Indicates that the notes should be played smoothly and connected.

Instructs the performer to slide from one pitch to another.

A rapid alternation between the indicated note and the one above it.

Connects two notes of the same pitch, indicating they should be sounded as one.

A rapid alternation between the indicated note, the note above or below, and returning to the indicated note.

A small note that embellishes the main note, usually played quickly before the principal note.

A complete break in sound, a pause for an indefinite length of time.

Used to mark a spot to which the performer will return.

A concluding passage that brings a piece or a movement to an end.

Indicates the rest should be extended beyond its normal duration.

Indicates the first time a passage is to be played.

Indicates the second time a passage is to be played.

Marks the end of a piece or a section within a piece.

Instructs string players to use a mute; in vocal music, it implies toning down the volume.

Instructs players to remove the mute; in vocal music, it implies returning to normal volume.

Instructs the accompanist to follow the soloist closely in terms of tempo and expression.

Indicates that a single vocal part is to be divided to sing different pitches.

Instructs to continue playing in the same manner as previously indicated.

Qualifies a musical direction by meaning 'but not too much'.

Indicates to perform with spirit or vigor.

Indicates an immediate change, such as a sudden dynamic shift.

Indicates 'without' and is used to instruct performers on what to omit.

Instructs the performer to play sweetly and softly.

Instructs the performer to play expressively.

Indicates the notes should be played with a marked and stressed style.

Indicates a gradual change, typically in dynamics or tempo (e.g., 'poco a poco crescendo').

Indicates the music should die away in volume and sometimes tempo.

Indicates singing in an undertone, softly, usually for dramatic effect.