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Voice Types in Opera
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Countertenor
A male voice that sings in the falsetto register. Roles include Orfeo (Orfeo ed Euridice), Oberon (A Midsummer Night's Dream), and Julius Caesar (Giulio Cesare).
Soprano
The highest female voice type, often playing the heroine or young woman. Roles include Violetta (La Traviata), The Queen of the Night (Die Zauberflöte), and Norma (Norma).
Baritone
A male voice type with a range between tenor and bass, often playing complex characters like Figaro (Il Barbiere di Siviglia), Rigoletto (Rigoletto), and Scarpia (Tosca).
Bass-Baritone
A male voice that shares qualities of both baritones and basses, performing roles like Wotan (Die Walküre), the Dutchman (Der fliegende Holländer), and Mephistopheles (Faust).
Mezzo-Soprano
A female voice type with a range that lies between soprano and contralto. Typical roles are Carmen (Carmen), Rosina (Il Barbiere di Siviglia), and Charlotte (Werther).
Tenor
The highest natural male voice type, often playing the hero or romantic lead. Iconic roles are Rodolfo (La Bohème), Calaf (Turandot), and Don José (Carmen).
Contralto
The lowest female voice type, often assigned to older, maternal, or exotic characters. Examples include Erda (Das Rheingold), Azucena (Il Trovatore), and the Witch (Hansel and Gretel).
Coloratura Soprano
A very agile soprano voice that specializes in rapid passages and ornamentation. Key roles are Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Zerbinetta (Ariadne auf Naxos), and Gilda (Rigoletto).
Bass
The lowest male voice type, often playing older, authoritative, or villainous characters. Renowned roles include Sarastro (Die Zauberflöte), Osmin (Die Entführung aus dem Serail), and King Philip II (Don Carlo).
Heldentenor
A powerful, robust tenor voice type associated with heroic roles in German opera. Distinguished parts include Siegfried (Siegfried), Tristan (Tristan und Isolde), and Tannhäuser (Tannhäuser).
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