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Comedic Devices in Playwriting
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Parody
An imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect. 'The Importance of Being Earnest' by Oscar Wilde offers a parody of Victorian social practices.
Physical Comedy
A style of humor centered on bodily movements, including gestures, facial expressions, and other visual gags that derive from the body. Rowan Atkinson's character 'Mr. Bean' exemplifies this type.
Situational Comedy
Humor arising out of quotidian situations; it is the basis of many successful television sitcoms like 'Friends'. The humor is often derived from the predicaments characters find themselves in.
Puns
A play on words where a word is used to convey two meanings simultaneously, often to humorous effect. Shakespeare's plays are replete with puns.
Satire
The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.
Irony
The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. A character stepping out into a storm and saying, 'What lovely weather we're having!' is an example.
Slapstick
A form of physical comedy characterized by broad humor, absurd situations, and vigorous, usually violent action. An example is the pie-in-the-face gag.
Farce
A comedy that aims at entertaining the audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, and thus improbable. 'Noises Off' by Michael Frayn is a famous example.
Hyperbole
An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, used for emphasis or effect. 'I've told you a million times' is a common hyperbolic phrase.
Comedic Relief
A humorous interlude within a serious work, especially a play, intended to relieve the dramatic tension or heighten the emotional impact by contrast. The gravediggers in 'Hamlet' serve this purpose.
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