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Ambisonics and Spatial Audio Terms
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Eigenmike
A specialized microphone array with multiple capsules used to capture spatial audio information, particularly for higher-order ambisonics. In spatial audio, it provides detailed sound capture for immersive audio reproduction.
Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA)
An extension of standard Ambisonics that uses more channels to represent the sound field, allowing for greater detail and accuracy in spatial audio reproduction.
UHJ format
A stereo format derived from B-Format signals that preserves some spatial characteristics. In spatial audio, UHJ format can be played back over standard stereo equipment while still conveying a sense of space.
Sound localisation
The process by which listeners determine the location of a sound source. In spatial audio, techniques like binaural recording and Ambisonics contribute to accurate sound localisation.
HRTF (Head-Related Transfer Function)
A response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space, accounting for the effects of the head and body. In spatial audio, HRTF filters are used to simulate how sound would reach a listener's ears from any given point.
B-Format
The standard format for ambisonics that includes one channel for pressure (W) and three channels for the spatial components (X, Y, Z). In spatial audio, B-Format signals are used to reproduce sound fields.
Ambisonics
A full-sphere surround sound technique that captures and plays back audio in a way that can be manipulated in three dimensions. In spatial audio, it is used to create immersive environments by accurately representing sound direction and distance.
Soundfield microphone
A type of microphone designed to capture audio in A-Format, which is then converted to B-Format. In spatial audio, soundfield microphones are used for their ability to record sound with spatial information.
AmbiX
A multi-channel format for transmitting and storing ambisonic audio data. In spatial audio, AmbiX is often used to store and work with higher-order ambisonic (HOA) recordings.
Dolby Atmos
An audio format and technology designed to expand on traditional surround sound systems by adding height channels, allowing sounds to be placed and moved in three-dimensional space. In spatial audio, Dolby Atmos is used to create highly realistic and immersive sound environments.
A-Format
The raw output from an ambisonic microphone, before being converted into B-Format. In spatial audio, A-Format is not used directly but transformed to be compatible with ambisonic decoders.
Binaural audio
An audio recording technique that uses two microphones to create a 3D stereo sound sensation, replicating the way humans naturally hear. In spatial audio, binaural audio provides an immersive listening experience with headphones.
ITU 5.1 Surround
The International Telecommunication Union standard for 5.1 surround sound configurations using 5 full bandwidth channels and one low-frequency effects channel. In spatial audio, this setup is the basis for more immersive sound experiences.
Spatialization
The process of manipulating audio to create the illusion that sounds are coming from specific locations in three-dimensional space. In spatial audio, spatialization tools are used to enhance the immersiveness of audio content.
Auro-3D
A surround sound technology similar to Dolby Atmos that uses additional height and overhead layers to create a three-dimensional sound field. In spatial audio, Auro-3D is utilized to produce a natural and immersive sonic experience.
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