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Ambisonics and Spatial Audio Terms

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Eigenmike

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A specialized microphone array with multiple capsules used to capture spatial audio information, particularly for higher-order ambisonics. In spatial audio, it provides detailed sound capture for immersive audio reproduction.

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Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA)

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An extension of standard Ambisonics that uses more channels to represent the sound field, allowing for greater detail and accuracy in spatial audio reproduction.

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UHJ format

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A stereo format derived from B-Format signals that preserves some spatial characteristics. In spatial audio, UHJ format can be played back over standard stereo equipment while still conveying a sense of space.

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Sound localisation

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The process by which listeners determine the location of a sound source. In spatial audio, techniques like binaural recording and Ambisonics contribute to accurate sound localisation.

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HRTF (Head-Related Transfer Function)

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A response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space, accounting for the effects of the head and body. In spatial audio, HRTF filters are used to simulate how sound would reach a listener's ears from any given point.

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B-Format

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The standard format for ambisonics that includes one channel for pressure (W) and three channels for the spatial components (X, Y, Z). In spatial audio, B-Format signals are used to reproduce sound fields.

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Ambisonics

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A full-sphere surround sound technique that captures and plays back audio in a way that can be manipulated in three dimensions. In spatial audio, it is used to create immersive environments by accurately representing sound direction and distance.

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Soundfield microphone

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A type of microphone designed to capture audio in A-Format, which is then converted to B-Format. In spatial audio, soundfield microphones are used for their ability to record sound with spatial information.

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AmbiX

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A multi-channel format for transmitting and storing ambisonic audio data. In spatial audio, AmbiX is often used to store and work with higher-order ambisonic (HOA) recordings.

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Dolby Atmos

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An audio format and technology designed to expand on traditional surround sound systems by adding height channels, allowing sounds to be placed and moved in three-dimensional space. In spatial audio, Dolby Atmos is used to create highly realistic and immersive sound environments.

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A-Format

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The raw output from an ambisonic microphone, before being converted into B-Format. In spatial audio, A-Format is not used directly but transformed to be compatible with ambisonic decoders.

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Binaural audio

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An audio recording technique that uses two microphones to create a 3D stereo sound sensation, replicating the way humans naturally hear. In spatial audio, binaural audio provides an immersive listening experience with headphones.

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ITU 5.1 Surround

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The International Telecommunication Union standard for 5.1 surround sound configurations using 5 full bandwidth channels and one low-frequency effects channel. In spatial audio, this setup is the basis for more immersive sound experiences.

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Spatialization

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The process of manipulating audio to create the illusion that sounds are coming from specific locations in three-dimensional space. In spatial audio, spatialization tools are used to enhance the immersiveness of audio content.

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Auro-3D

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A surround sound technology similar to Dolby Atmos that uses additional height and overhead layers to create a three-dimensional sound field. In spatial audio, Auro-3D is utilized to produce a natural and immersive sonic experience.

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