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Basic Sound Design Terminology

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Amplitude

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The measure of the strength or level of a sound wave, which determines its loudness.

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Compression

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The process of lessening the dynamic range between the loudest and quietest parts of an audio signal.

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Dynamic Range

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The range between the quietest and the loudest sounds a system can produce or a piece of audio contains.

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Bit Depth

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The number of bits of information in each sample, determining the resolution in digital audio recordings.

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Patch

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In sound synthesis, a set of parameters defining a particular sound on a synthesizer.

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Waveform

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The shape of the graph that represents the variation of pressure with respect to time of a sound signal.

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Delay

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An audio effect that records an audio signal for playback a set period of time after the original signal.

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Subtractive Synthesis

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A sound synthesis method that creates a new sound by filtering and shaping a rich harmonic sound source.

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Frequency

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The number of times a sound wave cycles per second, determining the pitch of the sound.

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Decibel (dB)

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A unit of measurement used to express the amplitude of a sound wave, indicating the volume level or intensity.

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ADSR Envelope

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An acronym that stands for Attack, Decay, Sustain, and Release, representing the stages of a sound's intensity over time.

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Gain

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The input level of the audio signal coming into a channel on a mixer, pre-amplification.

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Feedback

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The high-pitched screeching sound when a microphone picks up sound from a speaker connected to it, creating a looped signal.

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Foley

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The reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to films, videos, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality.

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Pan

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The distribution of a sound signal (either mono or stereo) into a new stereo or multichannel sound field determined by the pan control settings.

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Phase

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The relationship in time between two or more sound waves at a given point in their cycles.

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Noise Gate

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An electronic device or software that is used to control the volume of an audio signal by cutting off the sound when its level falls below a set threshold.

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Sample Rate

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The number of times per second that a digital audio system takes snapshots of the analog signal.

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Threshold

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In dynamics processing, the level at which a processor like a compressor or noise gate begins to affect the signal.

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Monitor

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Speakers or headphones used in the recording studio or at live events to listen to the mix or certain sources.

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Direct Input (DI)

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A device used to connect a high impedance, line level signal to a low impedance microphone level input on a mixer.

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Sound Envelope

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The characteristic volume and timbral changes of a sound over time, including attack, decay, sustain, and release phases.

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Reverb

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The persistence of sound after the original sound is produced; a collection of reflected sounds from the surfaces in the environment.

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Equalization (EQ)

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The process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an audio signal.

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Mixer

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An electronic device that combines, routes, and changes the level, tone, and/or dynamics of audio signals.

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