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Dynamic Range and Compression
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Dynamic Range
The difference between the quietest and the loudest sounds in an audio signal, measured in decibels (dB).
Release Time
The time it takes for the compressor to stop reducing the signal level once it falls below the threshold.
Compression Artifact
Unwanted effects introduced by aggressive or incorrect use of a compressor, such as 'pumping' or 'breathing'.
Parallel Compression
A technique where the original signal is mixed with a compressed version of itself to maintain dynamic range while controlling peaks.
Gain Reduction
The amount by which the signal is reduced in volume by the compressor.
Knee
The curvature of the transition from uncompressed to compressed signal which can be hard or soft.
Pumping
A noticeable fluctuation in volume that can occur with heavy compression, particularly with low-frequency sounds.
Brickwall Limiting
An extreme form of limiting with an infinite or very high ratio, ensuring that no signal exceeds the output ceiling.
Compressor
An audio device or software that reduces the dynamic range of a signal.
Threshold
The level above which compression is applied to the audio signal.
Ratio
The proportion by which the input signal above the threshold is reduced; expressed as a ratio (e.g., 4:1).
Attack Time
The time it takes for the compressor to start acting after the signal exceeds the threshold.
Expansion
The process of increasing the dynamic range of a signal by reducing the volume of signals below a certain threshold.
Multiband Compression
A more advanced form of compression that applies different settings to various frequency bands independently.
Downward Compression
A standard form of compression that reduces the level of signals above a certain threshold, as opposed to upward compression that increases the level of signals below a threshold.
Make-up Gain
The gain applied after compression to bring the level of the signal back up after it has been reduced.
Limiter
A type of compressor with a very high ratio, essentially allowing no overshoot beyond the threshold. Often used to prevent peak overloads.
Transients
Short, high-energy peaks in an audio signal, often in need of control by compression.
Dynamic EQ
A combination of a compressor and an equalizer that applies compression to specific frequency ranges.
Side Chain
An alternate signal path that can trigger the compressor, rather than the main input signal. Used in creative effects like 'ducking'.
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