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Dynamic Range and Compression

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Dynamic EQ

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A combination of a compressor and an equalizer that applies compression to specific frequency ranges.

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Make-up Gain

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The gain applied after compression to bring the level of the signal back up after it has been reduced.

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Transients

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Short, high-energy peaks in an audio signal, often in need of control by compression.

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Gain Reduction

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The amount by which the signal is reduced in volume by the compressor.

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Multiband Compression

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A more advanced form of compression that applies different settings to various frequency bands independently.

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Pumping

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A noticeable fluctuation in volume that can occur with heavy compression, particularly with low-frequency sounds.

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Brickwall Limiting

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An extreme form of limiting with an infinite or very high ratio, ensuring that no signal exceeds the output ceiling.

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Downward Compression

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A standard form of compression that reduces the level of signals above a certain threshold, as opposed to upward compression that increases the level of signals below a threshold.

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Side Chain

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An alternate signal path that can trigger the compressor, rather than the main input signal. Used in creative effects like 'ducking'.

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Dynamic Range

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The difference between the quietest and the loudest sounds in an audio signal, measured in decibels (dB).

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Knee

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The curvature of the transition from uncompressed to compressed signal which can be hard or soft.

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Expansion

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The process of increasing the dynamic range of a signal by reducing the volume of signals below a certain threshold.

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Compression Artifact

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Unwanted effects introduced by aggressive or incorrect use of a compressor, such as 'pumping' or 'breathing'.

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Attack Time

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The time it takes for the compressor to start acting after the signal exceeds the threshold.

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Release Time

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The time it takes for the compressor to stop reducing the signal level once it falls below the threshold.

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Parallel Compression

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A technique where the original signal is mixed with a compressed version of itself to maintain dynamic range while controlling peaks.

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Threshold

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The level above which compression is applied to the audio signal.

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Limiter

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A type of compressor with a very high ratio, essentially allowing no overshoot beyond the threshold. Often used to prevent peak overloads.

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Ratio

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The proportion by which the input signal above the threshold is reduced; expressed as a ratio (e.g., 4:1).

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Compressor

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An audio device or software that reduces the dynamic range of a signal.

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