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The ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance.

The frequency bands within which a second tone will affect the perception of a first tone, related to the masking effect.

The interference between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as a pulsation.

The spatial arrangement of where sounds of different frequency are processed in the brain, correlates with cochlea's structure.

A measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones.

The process by which the human auditory system organizes sound into perceptually meaningful elements.

An auditory illusion of a tone that continuously ascends or descends in pitch, yet which ultimately seems to get no higher or lower.

A psychoacoustic phenomenon that defines how humans localize sounds when they arrive at both ears slightly at different times - within ~35ms.

The persistence of sound in a particular space after the original sound is produced, affected by the space's size and texture.

A phenomenon where a louder sound makes it difficult to hear a softer one when they are both present in the same time frequency range.

The number of complete cycles per second in a sound wave, measured in Hertz (Hz), affecting the pitch we hear.

The stages of a sound's intensity: Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release, describing how sounds evolve over time.

A reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound, creating a distinct repetition.

An effect in stereo recordings where a sound appears to come from a central position, despite having no speaker there, as a result of identical audio signals in both left and right channels entering both ears at the same level.

The change in frequency or wavelength of a sound as the source moves relative to the listener, causing a perceptual change in pitch.

A phenomenon when two identical signals have a slight time delay, causing constructive and destructive interference and leading to peaks and notches in the frequency response.

The quality or color of a sound that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choirs or instruments.

The interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency, perceived as similar in human hearing.

The size of the vibration, which determines how loud a sound is; it is the forcefulness of air particles moved by a sound wave.