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Basics of MIDI
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MIDI Out
A port found on MIDI devices used to send MIDI messages from the device to another MIDI-compatible device or computer.
Chase
A feature in MIDI sequencers that ensures events (like program changes and control changes) are correctly implemented even if playback starts in the middle of a sequence.
Pitch Bend
A MIDI controller message that allows the pitch of the current note to be bent upwards or downwards, similar to the bending of guitar strings.
MIDI Sequencer
A device or software application used to record, edit, and playback MIDI data to create a sequence of musical events.
MIDI Thru
A port on MIDI equipment that outputs an exact copy of the MIDI data received from the MIDI In port, enabling daisy chaining of MIDI equipment.
MIDI Interface
Hardware that allows computers and MIDI devices to communicate with each other, converting MIDI signals into a form that a computer or other device can understand.
General MIDI (GM)
A specification that standardizes the response of a MIDI instrument to a set of basic MIDI messages, ensuring consistent playback on compliant devices.
Control Change
A MIDI message that signals a change in controller values, such as volume sliders, modulation wheels, or foot pedals, which can alter various aspects of the tone.
Note On/Off
A type of MIDI message indicating that a note is either being pressed (note on) or released (note off), with additional data for velocity or how hard the key is struck or released.
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface, and connectors for connecting various electronic musical instruments, computers, and other related devices for playing, editing, and recording music.
MIDI Controller
A device that generates MIDI information without producing sound itself. It typically has keys, pads, or other sensors that translate a musician's performance into MIDI data.
SysEx (System Exclusive)
A type of MIDI message that allows device-specific or manufacturer-specific data to be sent and received, often used for sending patches or settings.
Continuous Controller
A type of MIDI control change message that allows the variation of parameters over a range, such as volume or modulation, rather than just on/off states.
Channel Pressure
A type of aftertouch message that sends pressure information for all keys over one channel as opposed to polyphonic aftertouch which is key-specific.
Program Change
A type of MIDI message that allows you to change the instrument or sound preset on a synthesizer or within your MIDI compatible software.
MIDI Message
The data sent over MIDI that communicates performance instructions, including note on/off, control change, program change, and more.
Polyphony
The ability of a MIDI instrument to play multiple notes simultaneously; limited polyphony can result in 'note stealing' when a new note cuts off an existing one.
Velocity
A MIDI message parameter that corresponds to the speed with which a key is pressed or released, reflecting the attack and volume of the note.
MIDI Channel
One of 16 separate paths over which MIDI data can be sent, allowing different instruments to be controlled independently over the same MIDI connection.
MIDI Mapping
The process of assigning MIDI controllers to specific parameters within software or hardware to control various aspects of the sound or effects.
Aftertouch
A feature of some MIDI keyboards that allows you to send additional data based on how much pressure is applied to the keys after the initial key press.
MIDI Clock
A signal that synchronizes tempo between MIDI devices, ensuring that sequencers, drum machines, and arpeggiators all operate at the same beat.
MIDI Timecode
A protocol that allows MIDI devices to synchronize to video or audio tape, similar to SMPTE timecode.
MIDI Merge
A function where multiple MIDI signals are combined into a single data stream, often requiring a dedicated piece of hardware known as a MIDI merger.
Quantization
The process in a MIDI sequencer of aligning notes to a predefined grid, which can tighten up timing errors in a performance.
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