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Basics of MIDI

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MIDI Out

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A port found on MIDI devices used to send MIDI messages from the device to another MIDI-compatible device or computer.

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Chase

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A feature in MIDI sequencers that ensures events (like program changes and control changes) are correctly implemented even if playback starts in the middle of a sequence.

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Pitch Bend

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A MIDI controller message that allows the pitch of the current note to be bent upwards or downwards, similar to the bending of guitar strings.

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MIDI Sequencer

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A device or software application used to record, edit, and playback MIDI data to create a sequence of musical events.

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MIDI Thru

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A port on MIDI equipment that outputs an exact copy of the MIDI data received from the MIDI In port, enabling daisy chaining of MIDI equipment.

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MIDI Interface

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Hardware that allows computers and MIDI devices to communicate with each other, converting MIDI signals into a form that a computer or other device can understand.

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General MIDI (GM)

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A specification that standardizes the response of a MIDI instrument to a set of basic MIDI messages, ensuring consistent playback on compliant devices.

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Control Change

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A MIDI message that signals a change in controller values, such as volume sliders, modulation wheels, or foot pedals, which can alter various aspects of the tone.

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Note On/Off

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A type of MIDI message indicating that a note is either being pressed (note on) or released (note off), with additional data for velocity or how hard the key is struck or released.

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MIDI

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Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface, and connectors for connecting various electronic musical instruments, computers, and other related devices for playing, editing, and recording music.

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MIDI Controller

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A device that generates MIDI information without producing sound itself. It typically has keys, pads, or other sensors that translate a musician's performance into MIDI data.

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SysEx (System Exclusive)

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A type of MIDI message that allows device-specific or manufacturer-specific data to be sent and received, often used for sending patches or settings.

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Continuous Controller

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A type of MIDI control change message that allows the variation of parameters over a range, such as volume or modulation, rather than just on/off states.

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Channel Pressure

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A type of aftertouch message that sends pressure information for all keys over one channel as opposed to polyphonic aftertouch which is key-specific.

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Program Change

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A type of MIDI message that allows you to change the instrument or sound preset on a synthesizer or within your MIDI compatible software.

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MIDI Message

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The data sent over MIDI that communicates performance instructions, including note on/off, control change, program change, and more.

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Polyphony

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The ability of a MIDI instrument to play multiple notes simultaneously; limited polyphony can result in 'note stealing' when a new note cuts off an existing one.

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Velocity

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A MIDI message parameter that corresponds to the speed with which a key is pressed or released, reflecting the attack and volume of the note.

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MIDI Channel

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One of 16 separate paths over which MIDI data can be sent, allowing different instruments to be controlled independently over the same MIDI connection.

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MIDI Mapping

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The process of assigning MIDI controllers to specific parameters within software or hardware to control various aspects of the sound or effects.

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Aftertouch

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A feature of some MIDI keyboards that allows you to send additional data based on how much pressure is applied to the keys after the initial key press.

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MIDI Clock

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A signal that synchronizes tempo between MIDI devices, ensuring that sequencers, drum machines, and arpeggiators all operate at the same beat.

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MIDI Timecode

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A protocol that allows MIDI devices to synchronize to video or audio tape, similar to SMPTE timecode.

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MIDI Merge

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A function where multiple MIDI signals are combined into a single data stream, often requiring a dedicated piece of hardware known as a MIDI merger.

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Quantization

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The process in a MIDI sequencer of aligning notes to a predefined grid, which can tighten up timing errors in a performance.

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