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Virtue Ethics and Analytic Philosophy
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The Role of Emotions
Virtue ethics recognizes emotions as important for moral reasoning. Analytic philosophers examine the cognitive content of emotions, their role in motivating action, and how they fit into a systematic account of moral judgment.
Unity of the Virtues
The unity of the virtues is a thesis in virtue ethics stating that to have one virtue, one must possess all. Analytical philosophy scrutinizes this concept by trying to understand interrelations between different virtues and their possible interdependence.
Moral Exemplars
Virtue ethics often identifies moral exemplars as role models. Analytic philosophy might assess the psychological impact of exemplars, the nature of emulation, and how exemplars contribute to the dissemination of virtues.
The Concept of Telos
Telos refers to the ultimate purpose or end. In virtue ethics, it is understood as the ultimate end of human actions. Analytic philosophy examines this through debates about human nature, the good life, and the objectivity of telos.
Moral Particularism
Virtue ethics sometimes aligns with moral particularism, the view that moral judgment is context-dependent. Analytic philosophy evaluates the implications of particularism for moral theory, looking at how it challenges universal principles and alters the way we think about ethical guidelines.
The Golden Mean
In virtue ethics, the Golden Mean refers to the desirable middle between two extremes, excess and deficiency. Relating to analytic philosophy, this doctrine raises questions about the quantifiability of virtues and invites analysis on how to find this balance in various situations.
The Primacy of Virtue
Virtue ethics holds that virtues are primary in evaluating moral status, as opposed to actions or consequences. Analytic philosophy investigates the primacy of virtue by exploring possible foundations of ethics in virtue rather than normative ethical theories like deontology or consequentialism.
Character
Character in virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of habitual actions and dispositions. Analytic philosophy may investigate the consistency of character traits, their psychological underpinnings, and their influence on ethical behavior through empirical and conceptual analysis.
Agent-Centered Morality
Virtue ethics is a form of agent-centered morality, foregrounding the moral agent's character. Analytic philosophy probes the implications of agent-centered frameworks, reflecting on how they contrast with act-centered theories and what they reveal about moral responsibility and ethical theory.
Moral Education
Virtue ethics stresses the need for moral education to develop virtuous character traits. From the perspective of analytic philosophy, this involves exploring the psychological and social mechanisms of learning virtues and the criteria used to evaluate moral progress.
Practical Wisdom (Phronesis)
Practical wisdom, or phronesis, is the virtue of properly applying moral knowledge to practical situations. In analytic philosophy, the concept is subject to rigorous analysis to understand how judgment operates in ethical decision-making, and how it can be reliably cultivated.
Eudaimonia
A central concept in Aristotle's virtue ethics, eudaimonia means flourishing or well-being. It is the ultimate goal of human life in virtue ethics. In relation to analytic philosophy, eudaimonia provides a foundational concept that grounds ethical theories in human flourishing, emphasizing the empirical study of human nature to determine what constitutes well-being.
Virtue as Skill
This principle parallels virtues with skills, asserting that virtues are developed through practice. Analytic philosophy often approaches this through a fine-grained analysis, examining the parallels between skill acquisition and virtue cultivation, including the requisite feedback mechanisms and habits.
Normativity of Virtue
Virtue ethics presents the normativity of virtue, asserting that virtues set the norms for ethical behavior. Analytic philosophy examines how virtue normativity compares with other forms of normativity, like that of rules or outcomes, and considers the challenges in defining and justifying the normative status of virtues.
Virtuous Actions
A virtuous action in virtue ethics is one that a virtuous person would do in that situation. Analytic philosophy may apply formal logic and ethical theory to determine the conditions that make an action virtuous, thereby connecting virtue ethics to action-guiding principles.
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