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A platform where shares of public companies are traded, facilitating capital raising for businesses and investment opportunities for individuals.

A marketplace for buying and selling debt securities which governments and corporations issue to raise capital, offering investors interest income.

A financial institution that provides services such as accepting deposits, providing business loans, and offering basic investment products.

A financial intermediary that specializes in large and complex financial transactions such as underwriting, acting as an intermediary between securities issuer and the public.

An investment vehicle made up of a pool of funds from many investors to invest in securities such as stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other assets.

The authority responsible for monetary policy, issuing currency, and regulating the money supply and interest rates in the economy.

A limited partnership of investors that uses high risk methods, such as investing with borrowed money, to realize large capital gains.

A market for financial instruments such as futures, options, and swaps which derive their value from an underlying asset's price movement.

A financial institution that provides risk management by compensating for losses in exchange for payment of premiums.

An investment pool set aside by a corporation, government agency, or other organization to fund its employees' retirement benefits.

A form of investment in private companies not listed on the stock exchange, often to acquire, manage, and sell them with the intention of realizing a profit.

A type of private equity financing provided by firms to small, early-stage, emerging companies deemed to have high growth potential.

A member-owned financial cooperative that provides savings, credit and other financial services to its members, often with better interest rates and fees.

Part of the financial market where instruments with high liquidity and very short maturities are traded, often used by participants as a means for borrowing and lending in the short term.

A financial institution that specializes in accepting savings deposits and making mortgage and other loans.

A company that owns, operates, or finances income-generating real estate, allowing investors to buy shares in commercial real estate portfolios.

A financial market that trades in primary economic sector rather than manufactured products, such as gold, oil, and grains.

A financial organization that provides small amounts of credit to the unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who otherwise would have no access to financial services.

A global decentralized or over-the-counter market for trading currencies, allowing conversion of currencies and determining the foreign exchange rate.

Short-term government securities with maturities of one year or less, issued at a discount from the face value and do not pay interest before maturity.

A savings certificate with a fixed maturity date and specified fixed interest rate that can be issued in any denomination by banks.

The process of pooling various types of contractual debt such as mortgages, auto loans, and credit card debt obligations and selling their related cash flows to third-party investors as securities.

A firm that invests pooled funds from clients into a variety of securities and assets, with the goal of growing their investment portfolios.

A company that assigns credit ratings which rate a debtor's ability to pay back debt by making timely interest payments and the likelihood of default.

A financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party at a discount in exchange for immediate cash with which to finance continued business.

A standardized legal agreement to buy or sell something at a predetermined price at a specified time in the future, between parties not known to each other.

A marketable security that tracks an index, a commodity, bonds, or a basket of assets like an index fund and trades like a stock on an exchange.

State-owned investment funds or entities that are commonly established from balance of payments surpluses, official foreign currency operations, proceeds of privatizations, governmental transfer payments, fiscal surpluses, and/or receipts resulting from resource exports.

A subsidiary company with an asset/liability structure and legal status that makes its obligations secure even if the parent company goes bankrupt.