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Economic Indicators and Statistics

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

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Measures the total economic output of a country. It includes the sum of all goods and services produced over a specific time period and is used to gauge the health of a country's economy.

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Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI)

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An indicator of the economic health of the manufacturing sector based on five major indicators: new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries, and employment.

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Retail Sales

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A measure of the total receipts of retail stores, showing the performance of the retail sector and an indicator of consumer spending trends.

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Import Prices

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The prices paid for goods or services bought from foreign countries. Rising import prices can contribute to inflation but also reflect currency strength.

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Stock Market Index

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A measure designed to track the overall performance of a collection of stocks, representing a particular segment of the stock market, such as the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

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Inflation Rate

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The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, eroding purchasing power. It is a key indicator in monetary policy and economic analysis.

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Interest Rate

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The amount charged by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets, expressed as a percentage of the principal. Interest rates are a fundamental tool of monetary policy.

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National Income

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The total amount of money earned within a country from its economic activities. It includes wages, rental income, interest profit, and any income from abroad.

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Net National Product (NNP)

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The total market value of all final goods and services produced by a country in one year, minus the depreciation of its capital goods.

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Human Development Index (HDI)

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A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

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Fiscal Deficit

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Occurs when a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue that it generates, excluding money from borrowings. It is an indicator of the government's financial health.

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GDP per Capita

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A measure of a country's economic output that accounts for its number of people. It divides the GDP by the country's population and indicates average economic productivity per person.

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House Price Index

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A measure of the price changes of residential properties. It gives an indication of the health of the housing market and consumer confidence.

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Non-Farm Payrolls

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The total number of paid U.S. workers of any business, excluding the following employees: government employees, private household employees, employees of nonprofit organizations, and farm employees.

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Government Debt to GDP Ratio

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The ratio of a country's national debt to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), indicating the size of the debt relative to its economy.

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Personal Savings Rate

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The percentage of people's income that is saved rather than spent on goods or services. It is an important indicator of financial stability and future consumer spending potential.

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Labor Productivity

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A measure of the economic output per labor hour. It is an indicator of efficiency and competitiveness and is impacted by investment, innovation, and education.

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Effective Exchange Rate

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An index that describes the strength of a currency relative to a basket of other currencies. It can be nominal, using current currency values, or real, adjusting for inflation differentials.

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Disposable Personal Income

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The total income that households have to spend or save after income taxes have been deducted. It is a key indicator of purchasing power and economic demand.

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Gini Coefficient

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Measures income inequality within a population, ranging from 0 to 1, with 0 signifying perfect equality and 1 indicating perfect inequality.

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GDP Growth Rate

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The percentage increase in GDP from one period to the next, and it can be an indicator of economic health and a determinant of a country’s investment attractiveness.

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Wholesale Price Index (WPI)

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A measure of the change in the price of goods sold in bulk and considered to be a leading indicator of consumer price inflation.

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Current Account Balance

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A measure of a country's foreign transactions, including trade in goods and services, net earnings on cross-border investments, and transfer payments.

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Capital Account

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Records all transactions between a country's residents and the rest of the world involving the transfer of capital, including the acquisition and disposal of non-financial and financial assets.

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Budget Surplus/Deficit

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A surplus occurs when government revenues exceed expenditures in a fiscal year, while a deficit occurs when expenses exceed revenue. These indicate the government's fiscal balance.

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Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

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An aggregate of surveys that assess industry, services, consumer confidence, construction, and retail. It is used to forecast GDP growth and other economic trends.

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Export Prices

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The prices at which a country’s goods or services are sold abroad. An increase in export prices can boost a country's terms of trade but may affect export volume.

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Money Supply

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The total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time, including cash, coins, and balances held in checking and savings accounts.

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Unemployment Rate

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Represents the percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment. It is used to understand the health of the labor market.

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Gross National Product (GNP)

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Measures the total value of goods and services produced by the residents of a country. Unlike GDP, it includes income from foreign investments.

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Producer Price Index (PPI)

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Measures the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic producers for their output. It can signal inflation before it reaches the consumer.

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Consumer Confidence Index

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A measure of consumers' optimism regarding the state of the economy and their willingness to spend money. High consumer confidence typically leads to higher levels of consumption.

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Industrial Production Index (IPI)

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A measure of outputs of the industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. It is an indicator of industrial activity.

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Business Confidence Index

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A measure of the optimism or pessimism of business leaders regarding the expected future performance of their businesses and the economy as a whole.

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Cost of Living Index

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A theoretical price index that measures relative cost of living over time or regions. It is often used to compare the cost of living between different cities or countries.

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Consumer Leverage Ratio

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The ratio of total household debt to disposable income, it measures how leveraged consumers are and can be an indicator of financial stability and future spending.

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Net Export

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The value of a country's total exports minus its total imports. It can be a positive (trade surplus) or negative (trade deficit) number.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

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An investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests in another country in the form of establishing business operations or acquiring assets.

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Balance of Trade

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The difference in value between a country's imports and exports. A positive balance signifies a trade surplus, while a negative balance indicates a trade deficit.

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Consumer Price Index (CPI)

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Measures changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services. It is a primary measure of inflation faced by consumers.

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