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Causation in Scientific Explanation
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Top-Down Causation
Explains phenomena where higher-level system properties dictate the behavior of lower-level components.
Mechanistic Explanation
Seeks to explain phenomena by understanding the mechanism through which the outcome is produced.
Synchronous Causation
Explains phenomena where the cause and effect occur simultaneously or within a minimal time frame.
Probabilistic Causation
Explains phenomena by assigning likelihoods to outcomes, acknowledging uncertainty in the effect.
Teleological Explanation
Explains actions or events by their intended purpose or goal, rather than the causes that brought them about.
Causal Overdetermination
Occurs when an effect could be the outcome of multiple independent causes.
Causal Field
A concept in which the entire set of relevant factors in an environment contributes to the causation of an event.
Causal Powers
The capacities or abilities that different entities possess, which enable them to be the source of specific effects.
Interventionist Causation
Quantifies causal effects by considering changes due to interventions in a system.
Causal Mechanism
Refers to the process or sequence of events that causes one thing to lead to another in a particular context.
Causal Dispositions
Refers to inherent properties that tend to bring about certain effects under relevant conditions.
Counterfactual Dependence
Analyzes causal relationships by considering what would happen if the cause were not present.
Bottom-Up Causation
Explains phenomena as the result of interactions and compositions of foundational elements.
Causal Sufficiency
A concept where the causes present are enough to account for the occurrence of the effect.
Causal Necessity
Explains phenomena by referring to conditions that must be present for an effect to occur.
Deterministic Causation
Explains phenomena by asserting that current state is the necessary consequence of previous states.
Functional Explanation
Explains phenomena based on the functions or roles of components within a system, often with a focus on why something occurs.
Diachronic Causation
Explores causal connections that unfold over time, assuming that causes precede their effects.
Transitive Causation
A relationship where the causality is passed down a chain, from one event to another.
Causal Laws
The generalizations or principles that describe regularities in the behavior of phenomena and predict how causes will lead to effects.
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