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Rationalism vs. Empiricism in Science

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Empiricism

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Empiricism's focus on sensory experience has led to the development and refinement of experimental methods in science.

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Deduction

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Rationalist emphasis on deduction enables scientists to derive specific implications from general axioms or theories.

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Rationalism

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Rationalism emphasizes the role of reason and innate knowledge which contributed to the foundations of mathematics and logic in scientific inquiry.

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Induction

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Empiricist principles of induction have shaped the inferential procedures used to derive general principles from specific observations in science.

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Natural Philosophy

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The historical overlap between philosophy and science, particularly in the natural philosophy era, demonstrates the collaborative development of empirical and rationalist science.

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Hypothesis Testing

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Both rationalist and empiricist epistemologies contribute to the practice of hypothesis testing, combining logical predictions with empirical verification.

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A Priori Knowledge

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Rationalism's concept of a priori knowledge influences scientific theories that are based on logical reasoning rather than empirical evidence.

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Scientific Method

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The articulation and development of the scientific method have origins in both empiricist and rationalist thought, harmonizing observation with hypothesis.

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Objective Knowledge

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Empiricism's advocacy for objective knowledge through sensory experience helps promote the idea of impartiality and reproducibility in scientific studies.

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Paradigms in Science

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The rationalist understanding of innate ideas complements the formation of scientific paradigms, which are frameworks of understanding upheld without constant empirical verification.

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Falsifiability

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Empiricists like Karl Popper have influenced the scientific criterion of falsifiability, arguing that scientific theories must be empirically testable and falsifiable.

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Theory-Ladenness

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The concept that observations are influenced by the theoretical framework of the observer aligns with rationalist ideas and has implications for recognizing bias in science.

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Logical Positivism

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Logical positivism, merging empiricism with formal logic, emphasizes the idea that scientific knowledge should be based on logical inference from empirical data, impacting the validation process in science.

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Critical Experiment

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Empiricism's contribution to the concept of the critical experiment helps in decisively testing between competing scientific theories.

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Constructivism

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Constructivist approaches in philosophy of science, which imply that scientific knowledge is constructed rather than discovered, blend empiricist and rationalist ideas affecting scientific interpretive frameworks.

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