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Defines the capacity of a theory to be tested and possibly refuted by evidence.

Refers to the ability to put a theory to the test and thus potentially falsify it.

Combines data from multiple studies to arrive at a more generalized and robust conclusion.

Measure of the likelihood that an experiment's results will be consistent when the experiment is repeated.

Denotes a theory's ability to generate testable predictions that can be potentially verified by observational evidence.

Pertains to the strictness and soundness of the scientific method employed in hypothesis testing.

Process of ensuring that a model accurately represents the real-world system it is intended to simulate.

Provides supportive evidence to strengthen or confirm a theory.

Occurs when evidence from independent and unrelated sources converges on the same conclusion.

Requires that theoretical postulates do not lead to internal contradictions.

Determines the likelihood that a result is due to chance rather than the hypothesis being tested.

Serves to verify or falsify hypotheses within the framework of mathematical theory.

Acts as a process to evaluate the validity, quality, and often the originality of articles for publication.

Uses comparisons with known phenomena to suggest similarities in behavior and outcomes; weaker form of evidence.

Results from controlled tests that are designed to support or refute a hypothesis.

Involves using personal stories or individual instances as a basis for broader generalizations; considered weaker evidence in scientific terms.

Serves as the cornerstone for empirical validation or falsification of scientific theories.

Comes into play when assessing the historical development of scientific theories.

The principle that, all else being equal, simpler explanations are generally better than more complex ones.