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Philosophy of Science Case Studies

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The Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA

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Setting a precedent for self-regulation in science, sparking discussions on the ethics of genetic engineering and precautionary principles.

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The Structure of DNA - Watson & Crick

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Discovery of the double helix structure leading to discussions on the nature of scientific discovery, collaboration, and the ethics of competitive research.

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The Reproducibility Crisis

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The increasing recognition of the difficulty in reproducing scientific results, leading to discussions on scientific rigor and trust in scientific findings.

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The Stanford Prison Experiment

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An exploration of the psychological effects of perceived power, leading to ethical questions about the treatment of participants and the role of the experimenter.

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The Copernican Revolution

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The paradigm shift from a geocentric to a heliocentric model of the solar system, challenging the traditional authority of the Church and prompting reevaluation of empirical evidence versus dogma.

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The Gaia Hypothesis

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The proposal that Earth behaves like a self-regulating organism, prompting philosophical inquiry into holistic views of ecology and the anthropocentric paradigm.

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Darwin's Theory of Evolution

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Challenging traditional beliefs about creation and sparking debates on human nature, morality derived from biological origins, and the notion of progress in evolution.

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The Use of Animal Models in Research

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Ethical considerations of using animals for scientific progress, implications for animal rights, and debates on the applicability of animal data to humans.

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The Quantum Mechanics Debate

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The Copenhagen interpretation versus alternative views, affecting ideas about determinism, the role of the observer, and the nature of reality.

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Einstein's Theory of Relativity

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Revolutionized the understanding of space, time, and gravity, leading to philosophical questions about the nature of reality and the limits of human knowledge.

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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

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A theoretical limit to precision that has philosophical implications for determinism, causality, and the nature of reality.

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The Demarcation Problem

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The challenge of distinguishing science from non-science, leading to varied criteria and implications for the philosophy of science.

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The Human Genome Project

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Raised ethical issues related to privacy, genetic determinism, and the potential misuse of genetic information, also prompting discussions about the goals and directions of scientific research.

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The Manhattan Project

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The development of nuclear weapons and the subsequent debates about the ethics of scientific discoveries being used for harmful purposes.

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Phlogiston Theory of Combustion

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A failed scientific theory that led to discussions about falsifiability, paradigm shifts, and the progress of scientific theory.

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