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Important Experiments in Philosophy of Science
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Michelson-Morley Experiment
Disproved the existence of the 'aether', leading to the development of the theory of special relativity.
Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment
Demonstrated that the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects regardless of their masses.
Schrödinger's Cat
Illustrates the counterintuitive nature of quantum mechanics and the problem of the observer effect.
Stanford Prison Experiment
Explored the psychological effects of perceived power, focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison officers.
Pavlov's Dog
Demonstrated classical conditioning, showing that a reflex can be triggered by an unrelated stimulus after conditioning.
Milgram's Obedience Experiment
Studied the willingness of individuals to obey authority figures, even when asked to perform actions conflicting with their personal conscience.
Double-Slit Experiment
Demonstrates that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles, embodying wave-particle duality.
The EPR Paradox
Introduces the concept of entanglement and challenges the completeness of quantum mechanics as described by standard Copenhagen interpretation.
The Fizeau Experiment
Measured the speed of light in moving water, which supported the idea that light's speed is constant and led to the development of the theory of relativity.
Heisenberg's Microscope
A thought experiment that illustrates the uncertainty principle, which places limits on the accuracy of measurements.
The Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment
Discovered the atomic nucleus and led to the development of the planetary model of the atom.
Thomas Young's Light Interference Experiment
Demonstrated the wave nature of light, which was crucial for the development of wave optics.
Peregrine Falcon Experiment
Explored genetic diversity in falcon populations to better understand the effects of a population bottleneck.
Bobo Doll Experiment
Investigated social learning theory, demonstrating that children can learn aggression through observation.
The Asch Conformity Experiments
Explored group conformity and showed that social pressure can cause individuals to conform to an incorrect majority.
The Monster Study
Explored the impact of positive and negative speech therapy on children and is notable for its controversial methodology.
Luria's Syllogistic Reasoning Experiment
Studied the intersection of culture and cognitive processes, revealing how education shapes logical reasoning.
The Hawthorne Effect
The phenomenon where individuals change their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.
Watson and Rayner's Little Albert Experiment
Demonstrated that emotional responses could be classically conditioned in humans.
Thales' Experiment on Static Electricity
One of the earliest documented experiments, showing that rubbing certain materials together creates a charge (static electricity).
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