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Disproved the existence of the 'aether', leading to the development of the theory of special relativity.

Demonstrated classical conditioning, showing that a reflex can be triggered by an unrelated stimulus after conditioning.

Demonstrates that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles, embodying wave-particle duality.

Explored genetic diversity in falcon populations to better understand the effects of a population bottleneck.

Explored the psychological effects of perceived power, focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison officers.

Studied the intersection of culture and cognitive processes, revealing how education shapes logical reasoning.

Measured the speed of light in moving water, which supported the idea that light's speed is constant and led to the development of the theory of relativity.

Investigated social learning theory, demonstrating that children can learn aggression through observation.

Demonstrated that the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects regardless of their masses.

Demonstrated the wave nature of light, which was crucial for the development of wave optics.

One of the earliest documented experiments, showing that rubbing certain materials together creates a charge (static electricity).

Illustrates the counterintuitive nature of quantum mechanics and the problem of the observer effect.

Studied the willingness of individuals to obey authority figures, even when asked to perform actions conflicting with their personal conscience.

Introduces the concept of entanglement and challenges the completeness of quantum mechanics as described by standard Copenhagen interpretation.

Explored group conformity and showed that social pressure can cause individuals to conform to an incorrect majority.

The phenomenon where individuals change their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.

Discovered the atomic nucleus and led to the development of the planetary model of the atom.

Explored the impact of positive and negative speech therapy on children and is notable for its controversial methodology.

A thought experiment that illustrates the uncertainty principle, which places limits on the accuracy of measurements.