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The energy of a body that it possesses due to its motion. A gymnast must efficiently convert kinetic energy to perform dynamic movements like somersaults and vaults.

The systematic regulation of muscle movement and the mechanisms that facilitate it. Motor control is key in gymnastics for executing complex movements with precision and grace.

The ability to maintain the body's center of mass over its base of support. A fundamental principle in gymnastics for holds, beam routines, and landings.

A property of a body that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about an axis of rotation. The distribution of mass around the axis affects the performance of gymnasts, especially in rotations and twists.

The potential mechanical energy stored when a material is deformed. Gymnastic apparatus like the spring floor store elastic energy during athlete's movements, which then helps to power jumps and tumbling passes.

A measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis. For a gymnast, torque is important in initiating rotation around the apparatus or their own body axis.

The stored energy of position possessed by a body. In gymnastics, potential energy is highest at the top of a vault or the peak of a jump, ready to be converted into kinetic energy.

The ratio of the force output to the force input within a system. A mechanic principle that gymnasts can use to their advantage when interacting with apparatus, leveraging gravity and momentum.

The motion of an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity. Understanding the principles of projective motion allows gymnasts to optimize their vaults and jumps for maximum height and distance.

The capacity of the muscles and joints to stretch through an intended range of motion. Gymnasts require high levels of flexibility for movements like splits, bends, and twists.

An influence that when applied to a mass imparts an acceleration. In gymnastics, understanding force is crucial for jumps and landings to generate powerful movements and to prevent injuries.

The change in momentum of a body when a force is applied over time. Gymnasts use impulse to their advantage by applying a greater force over a longer period during takeoff to maximize their jumps.

The point at which the distribution of the body's mass is equal in all directions and is the point at which all the mass can be considered as concentrated. In gymnastics, understanding the center of mass helps in stabilizing various poses and in executing flips and spins with better control.

The ability of the central nervous system to control the muscles in the execution of multi-limb functional movements. It's essential for gymnasts as they perform complex maneuvers that require precise timing and muscle control.

The scientific study of the mechanics of movement of a living body. In gymnastics, biomechanical analysis can improve technique, enhance performance, and reduce injury risk.

The sense of self-movement and body position, sometimes described as the 'sixth sense'. It's crucial for gymnasts to perform precise and well-coordinated movements without watching every limb.

Rigid structures (like bones) that are used with a fulcrum (joint) to multiply the mechanical force. In gymnastics, arms and legs act as levers to perform movements with efficiency.

A measure of the quantity of rotation of a body, which is the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity. It remains constant when the body is in free rotation, which is crucial in skills like twists and somersaults in gymnastics.

The force exerted by a body when it is in contact with another, according to Newton’s third law of motion. Gymnasts experience reaction forces during landings, handsprings, and when pushing off the ground or apparatus.