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Economic Models of Sport Participation

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Game Theory Model

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Used to analyze situations where payoff outcomes are affected by the decisions of other agents, such as sports teams making strategic decisions or athletes choosing training regimens.

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Contingent Valuation Model

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Assesses the value of non-market goods such as the social and emotional benefits of sports programs or events. It applies when quantifying the benefits that don't have a direct market price.

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Theory of the Firm

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Applies to sports by considering sports clubs or organizations as firms that aim to maximize profits by efficient management of resources, including athletes and staff.

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Labor Market Model

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Examines supply and demand for athletes and coaches in the sports industry, including wage determination and the impact of collective bargaining agreements.

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Supply and Demand Model

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Describes how the price and quantity of sport participation is determined by the availability (supply) and desire (demand) for it. Higher demand and lower supply can lead to increased participation costs.

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Monopoly Power Model

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Describes how single or few entities control the market, such as a major league controlling professional sport. It impacts ticket prices and athlete wages.

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Win Maximization Model

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Assumes that sports teams are primarily motivated to maximize wins instead of profits, impacting ticket pricing, athlete salaries, and investment in facilities.

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Marginal Revenue Product Model

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Determines the additional revenue an athlete generates for their team or club, often informing contract negotiations and salary caps.

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Utility Maximization Model

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Proposes that individuals participate in sports to maximize their own utility, or happiness. Decisions are based on the pleasure gained versus the costs.

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Principal-Agent Model

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Explores the relationship between sports team owners (principals) and athletes or managers (agents), focusing on contract design and incentives to align interests.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis Model

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Analyzes the benefits of sport participation against the costs involved, determining whether the activity is worth the investment. It is often used to justify public spending on sports facilities.

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Economic Impact Model

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Estimates the net economic change in a community from an activity such as sports events, including income, employment, and tax impacts.

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Human Capital Model

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Suggests that investment in personal skills and health can enhance an individual's productivity, which includes sport as a form of human capital investment. It's applied in advocating sport for personal development and health.

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Public Goods Model

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Explains how sports facilities and events provided without profit motives can benefit the whole community. It helps evaluate the impact of government investments in sports infrastructures.

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Multiplier Effect Model

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Analyzes how spending in sports, such as building a stadium, generates additional economic activity in the area. Key when considering the economic justification for large sports events.

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