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Stadium Financing and Economics

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U.S. Bank Stadium

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Cost: 1.061billion,FinancingModel:Publicprivatepartnership,EconomicImpact:Economicbenefitstotheareaviaincreasedtourismandhostingevents,despitehighpubliccost.1.061 billion, Financing Model: Public-private partnership, Economic Impact: Economic benefits to the area via increased tourism and hosting events, despite high public cost.

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Estadio Azteca

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Cost: MXN 260millionin1966,FinancingModel:Privatelyfinanced,EconomicImpact:IconicforMexicanfootballandsignificantculturalimpact,thougheconomicspecificsaredebated.260 million in 1966, Financing Model: Privately financed, Economic Impact: Iconic for Mexican football and significant cultural impact, though economic specifics are debated.

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Yankee Stadium

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Cost: 2.3billion,FinancingModel:Predominantlypublicsubsidieswithprivatefinancing,EconomicImpact:Controversialuseofpublicfundswithdebatableregenerationbenefits.2.3 billion, Financing Model: Predominantly public subsidies with private financing, Economic Impact: Controversial use of public funds with debatable regeneration benefits.

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Gillette Stadium

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Cost: 325million,FinancingModel:Primarilyprivatefinancing,EconomicImpact:Positiveeffectonregionseconomythrougheventsandgames,butlimiteduseoutsidefootballandsoccer.325 million, Financing Model: Primarily private financing, Economic Impact: Positive effect on region's economy through events and games, but limited use outside football and soccer.

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Oracle Park

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Cost: 357million,FinancingModel:Privatefinancing,EconomicImpact:Positivecontributiontothelocaleconomythroughrevitalizationoftheareaandconsistentuse.357 million, Financing Model: Private financing, Economic Impact: Positive contribution to the local economy through revitalization of the area and consistent use.

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SoFi Stadium

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Cost: More than 5billion,FinancingModel:PrivatelyfinancedbyRamsowner,withpublicsupportininfrastructure,EconomicImpact:Expectedtobeamajorcatalystforlocaleconomy,butfullimpactyettobeseen.5 billion, Financing Model: Privately financed by Rams owner, with public support in infrastructure, Economic Impact: Expected to be a major catalyst for local economy, but full impact yet to be seen.

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MetLife Stadium

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Cost: 1.6billion,FinancingModel:JointventurebetweenNewYorkJetsandNewYorkGiants,EconomicImpact:Mixedresults,oftenarguedthatpublicbenefitsdidnotmatchthecost.1.6 billion, Financing Model: Joint venture between New York Jets and New York Giants, Economic Impact: Mixed results, often argued that public benefits did not match the cost.

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Stade de France

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Cost: €290 million, Financing Model: Public-private partnership, Economic Impact: Host to numerous major events, albeit public investment has been questioned in terms of long-term value.

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National Stadium, Tokyo

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Cost: ¥156.9 billion, Financing Model: Publicly financed, Economic Impact: Built for the Olympics and expected to boost tourism, though high initial cost.

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Allianz Arena

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Cost: €340 million, Financing Model: Private financing by football clubs, Economic Impact: Boost to local economy and international attraction, especially on match days.

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Mercedes-Benz Stadium

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Cost: Approx. 1.5billion,FinancingModel:Publicprivatepartnership,EconomicImpact:Increasedtourism,butdebatesoveropportunitycostforthetaxpayers.1.5 billion, Financing Model: Public-private partnership, Economic Impact: Increased tourism, but debates over opportunity cost for the taxpayers.

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Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

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Cost: Approx. £1 billion, Financing Model: Private financing with some public support, Economic Impact: Positive impact on local regeneration, job creation, and tourism.

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Allegiant Stadium

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Cost: 1.9billion,FinancingModel:Publicprivatepartnership,EconomicImpact:Expectedboostintourismandjobcreation,butlargepubliccontributionquestioned.1.9 billion, Financing Model: Public-private partnership, Economic Impact: Expected boost in tourism and job creation, but large public contribution questioned.

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Wembley Stadium

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Cost: £798 million, Financing Model: Private financing with public sector support, Economic Impact: Revitalized area, but public costs were significant and long-term payback is debated.

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Madison Square Garden

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Cost: 1.1billionforthelatestrenovation,FinancingModel:Entirelyprivatelyfunded,EconomicImpact:Significantduetoconsistentuseforsportsandentertainment,thoughnotatypicalstadium.1.1 billion for the latest renovation, Financing Model: Entirely privately funded, Economic Impact: Significant due to consistent use for sports and entertainment, though not a typical stadium.

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Camp Nou

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Cost: €1.73 billion for renovation (Espai Barça project), Financing Model: Debt financing and commercial partnerships, Economic Impact: Expected to boost tourism and local economy, but concerns over long-term debt sustainability.

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AT&T Stadium

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Cost: 1.15billion,FinancingModel:Publicfundingthroughsalestaxincreaseplusprivateinvestment,EconomicImpact:Boostinlocalspending,butlongtermbenefitsaredebated.1.15 billion, Financing Model: Public funding through sales tax increase plus private investment, Economic Impact: Boost in local spending, but long-term benefits are debated.

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Levi's Stadium

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Cost: 1.3billion,FinancingModel:Publicprivatepartnership,withsignificantprivatecontributions,EconomicImpact:HostofSuperBowl50,expectedregionaleconomicboostbutalsoincreasedlocaltrafficandcosts.1.3 billion, Financing Model: Public-private partnership, with significant private contributions, Economic Impact: Host of Super Bowl 50, expected regional economic boost but also increased local traffic and costs.

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Maracanã Stadium

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Cost: R1.3billionforthe2014renovation,FinancingModel:Publicprivatepartnership,EconomicImpact:Richfootballhistorycontributestotourism,buttheposteventuseisoftencriticized.1.3 billion for the 2014 renovation, Financing Model: Public-private partnership, Economic Impact: Rich football history contributes to tourism, but the post-event use is often criticized.

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Soldier Field

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Cost: 606millionforthe2003renovation,FinancingModel:Publicfinancingthroughhoteltaxes,EconomicImpact:Increasedtourismandeconomicactivityongamedays,thoughlargepublicinvestmentquestioned.606 million for the 2003 renovation, Financing Model: Public financing through hotel taxes, Economic Impact: Increased tourism and economic activity on game days, though large public investment questioned.

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Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux

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Cost: €183 million, Financing Model: Public-private partnership, Economic Impact: Hoped to elevate Bordeaux as a host city for major events, though full impact is under review.

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Olympic Stadium London

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Cost: £486 million, Financing Model: Publicly financed, Economic Impact: Key part of the London 2012 legacy, but the conversion for football use has been controversial.

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Beijing National Stadium

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Cost: ¥4.3 billion, Financing Model: State-owned enterprise investment, Economic Impact: Symbol of the Beijing Olympics and a tourist attraction, though the high maintenance cost raises concerns.

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Chase Center

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Cost: Approx. 1.4billion,FinancingModel:EntirelyprivatelyfundedbytheGoldenStateWarriors,EconomicImpact:ExpectedtocatalyzeredevelopmentintheMissionBayneighborhoodofSanFrancisco.1.4 billion, Financing Model: Entirely privately funded by the Golden State Warriors, Economic Impact: Expected to catalyze redevelopment in the Mission Bay neighborhood of San Francisco.

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La Bombonera

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Cost: No recent renovation costs available, Financing Model: Owned and operated by Boca Juniors, Economic Impact: Celebrated cultural icon, crucial to identity of the local community, with consistent matchday revenue.

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