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Niyama refers to the personal observances or disciplines that promote self-purification by discipline. It includes practices of purity, contentment, self-discipline, self-study, and surrender to a higher power.

Yama is the ethical standard that focuses on our behavior and how we conduct ourselves in life. It's often seen as the moral vows of yoga and involves practices that relate to non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, continence, and non-covetousness.

Pratyahara signifies the withdrawal of senses or the practice of tuning out external stimuli to bring attention inward. It enables a deeper level of concentration by controlling the distractions of the senses.

Dhyana is the practice of meditation or contemplation that extends the focus achieved in Dharana. Through continuous flow of concentration, Dhyana enables profound awareness and reflection.

Dharana involves the concentration of the mind on a single point, object, or idea. It's the stage that precedes meditation and is essential for developing the focus necessary for sustained meditation.

Pranayama is the control of breath, which is said to bridge the gap between the physical and mental disciplines of yoga. It involves various techniques to manage the rhythm and depth of breath to influence the flow of energy in the body.

Asana is the practice of physical postures and is perhaps the most well-known aspect of yoga. It enhances strength, flexibility, and balance and is designed to promote a steady and comfortable sitting position for meditation.