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Climate Classification

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Ice Cap (EF)

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Permanent ice and snow cover, extremely cold temperatures year-round, as seen in Antarctica and Greenland

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Desert (BWh/Bwk)

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Extremely low precipitation, high temperature fluctuations, examples include the Sahara and Arabian deserts

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Tundra (ET)

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Low precipitation, no true summer season, examples are the northern coastlines of Russia and Canada

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Monsoon (Am)

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Heavy precipitation during the high-sun season, short dry season, characteristic of regions like Southeast Asia and West Africa

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Humid Continental (Dfa/Dfb/Dwa/Dwb)

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Large seasonal temperature differences, moderate to high precipitation, examples include parts of Eastern Europe and Northeast USA

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Subarctic (Dfc/Dfd/Dwc/Dwd)

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Very cold, long winters and short, cool summers, found in places like Siberia and Alaska

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Tropical Savanna (Aw)

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Distinct wet and dry seasons, warm all year, found in regions like the Brazilian Highlands and parts of Africa

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Tropical Rainforest (Af)

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High annual rainfall (>2m), consistent high temperatures, equatorial regions like the Amazon and the Congo Basin

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Humid Subtropical (Cfa/Cwa)

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Hot, humid summers and cool, mild winters, typical of the southeastern USA and parts of China

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Marine West Coast (Cfb/Cfc)

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Moderate temperatures, ample precipitation, examples are the British Isles and Pacific Northwest coast of the USA

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Mediterranean (Csa/Csb)

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Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, typical of coastal California and the Mediterranean coast

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Highland (H)

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Variable conditions depending on altitude, can mimic other climates, found in the Andes and Himalayas

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