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A narrow band of powerful, high-altitude, upper-level westerly winds.

The third layer of the atmosphere, directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere.

The distance one can clearly see, which is affected by weather conditions such as fog, rain, or snow.

The deflection of moving objects caused by the rotation of Earth.

A periodic warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, affecting global climate patterns.

An instrument used to measure wind speed.

A battery-powered telemetry instrument carried into the atmosphere by a weather balloon to collect data on atmospheric parameters.

A composite front produced when a cold front overtakes a warm front, lifting the warm air mass off the ground.

An index that indicates how cold the air feels on human skin due to wind speed.

The temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and dew can form.

A line on a weather map connecting points of equal temperature.

A violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.

The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where nearly all weather conditions take place.

Any form of water, liquid or solid, that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground.

A spinning, often turbulent flow of fluid.

The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a surface.

The boundary separating two different types of air masses, which has a noticeable change in temperature, humidity, and wind direction.

A boundary separating two different air masses, which can cause changes in weather patterns.

The amount of water vapor present in the air.