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A boundary separating two different air masses, which can cause changes in weather patterns.

A spinning, often turbulent flow of fluid.

A periodic warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, affecting global climate patterns.

The third layer of the atmosphere, directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere.

Any form of water, liquid or solid, that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground.

A composite front produced when a cold front overtakes a warm front, lifting the warm air mass off the ground.

A line on a weather map connecting points of equal temperature.

The deflection of moving objects caused by the rotation of Earth.

A battery-powered telemetry instrument carried into the atmosphere by a weather balloon to collect data on atmospheric parameters.

The second layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.

The amount of water vapor present in the air.

The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where nearly all weather conditions take place.

The boundary separating two different types of air masses, which has a noticeable change in temperature, humidity, and wind direction.

An instrument used to measure wind speed.

An index that indicates how cold the air feels on human skin due to wind speed.

The temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and dew can form.

The distance one can clearly see, which is affected by weather conditions such as fog, rain, or snow.

The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a surface.

A narrow band of powerful, high-altitude, upper-level westerly winds.