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Essential Vitamins and Their Functions

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Vitamin E

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Main function: Antioxidant, protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. Deficiency symptoms: Hemolytic anemia, neurological problems, muscle weakness.

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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

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Main function: Energy production and skin health. Deficiency symptoms: Skin disorders, cracked lips, inflammation of the tongue.

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Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

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Main function: Synthesis of coenzyme A and fatty acids. Deficiency symptoms: Numbness and burning sensation in hands and feet, fatigue.

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Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

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Main function: Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, immune support. Deficiency symptoms: Scurvy, bleeding gums, poor wound healing.

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Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

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Main function: Nucleotide synthesis and repair, red blood cell formation. Deficiency symptoms: Birth defects, elevated levels of homocysteine, megaloblastic anemia.

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Vitamin A

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Main function: Vision maintenance and immune function. Deficiency symptoms: Night blindness and immune deficiencies.

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Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

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Main function: Amino acid metabolism and red blood cell production. Deficiency symptoms: Anemia, skin conditions, depression.

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Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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Main function: DNA repair and metabolism. Deficiency symptoms: Pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia.

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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

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Main function: Energy metabolism and nerve function. Deficiency symptoms: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

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Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

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Main function: Fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and gluconeogenesis. Deficiency symptoms: Hair loss, skin rash, neurological symptoms.

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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

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Main function: Nerve function and DNA synthesis. Deficiency symptoms: Megaloblastic anemia, neuropathy, memory loss.

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Vitamin D

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Main function: Regulation of calcium and phosphate, bone health. Deficiency symptoms: Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.

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Vitamin K

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Main function: Blood clotting and bone metabolism. Deficiency symptoms: Increased bleeding tendency, hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

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