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A junction between two neurons where information is transmitted from one neuron to another

Basic unit of the nervous system responsible for transmitting signals

Largest part of the brain associated with higher brain functions such as thought and action

Comprises the brain and spinal cord; processes information and coordinates activity

All parts of the nervous system outside the CNS; connects the CNS to limbs and organs

Regulates motor movements, posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity

Neurons within the CNS that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs

Non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems

Part of the ANS that conserves energy by slowing down the heart rate and increasing intestinal and gland activity

Star-shaped glial cells of the CNS known for supporting the blood-brain barrier, providing nutrients, and maintaining extracellular ion balance

Type of glial cell in the CNS that produces myelin, increasing the speed of electrical impulses along axons

Serves as the information highway between the brain and the body; involved in reflex actions

Controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body; also controls basic body functions

Controls involuntary bodily functions and regulates glands; has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

A long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body

A selective barrier that prevents harmful substances from entering the brain, but allows nutrients and oxygen to reach brain tissue

Glial cells in the PNS responsible for producing myelin as well as aiding in regeneration and repair of neurons

Fatty layer wrapped around the axons of certain neurons that speeds up transmission of electrical impulses

A neuron extension that receives signals and conveys them toward the cell body

The immune cells of the CNS, responsible for protecting the brain against infection and clearing out damaged neurons and plaques

A gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells

Neurons that carry instructions from the CNS to muscles or glands

Part of the PNS that handles voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles

Part of the ANS involved in preparing the body for physical activity and response to stress