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Muscle Groups

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Trapezius

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Primary function: Moves the scapulae and extends the neck; Body location: Upper back and neck

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Soleus

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Primary function: Plantarflexion of the ankle; Body location: Calf, deeper than the gastrocnemius

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Hamstrings

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Primary function: Knee Flexion and Hip Extension; Body location: Posterior thigh

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Triceps Brachii

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Primary function: Elbow Extension; Body location: Posterior upper arm

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Rhomboids

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Primary function: Scapular Retraction; Body location: Upper back, between the scapula and spine

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Deltoid

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Primary function: Shoulder Abduction; Body location: Shoulder

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Pectoralis Major

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Primary function: Shoulder Flexion, Adduction, and Medial Rotation; Body location: Chest

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Rectus Abdominis

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Primary function: Flexes the lumbar spine; Body location: Midsection

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Erector Spinae

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Primary function: Extension of the vertebral column; Body location: Along the spine

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Gluteus Maximus

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Primary function: Hip Extension, Abduction, and External Rotation; Body location: Buttocks

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Serratus Anterior

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Primary function: Scapular Protraction; Body location: Rib cage under the armpit

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Latissimus Dorsi

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Primary function: Shoulder Extension, Adduction, and Medial Rotation; Body location: Lower back

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Tibialis Anterior

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Primary function: Dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot; Body location: Anterior shin

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Obliques (External and Internal)

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Primary function: Rotation and lateral flexion of the trunk; Body location: Sides of the abdomen

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Biceps Brachii

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Primary function: Elbow Flexion; Body location: Anterior upper arm

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Quadriceps Femoris

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Primary function: Knee Extension and Hip Flexion; Body location: Anterior thigh

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Gastrocnemius

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Primary function: Plantarflexion of the ankle; Body location: Calf

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Supraspinatus

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Primary function: Shoulder Abduction; Body location: Shoulder, above the scapular spine

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Adductor Magnus

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Primary function: Adduction of the Hip; Body location: Inner thigh

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Infraspinatus

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Primary function: External Rotation of the Shoulder; Body location: Shoulder, below the scapular spine

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Teres Major

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Primary function: Shoulder Medial Rotation, Adduction, and Extension; Body location: Upper side of the back, under the scapula

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Gracilis

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Primary function: Adduction of the Hip; Body location: Inner thigh

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Sartorius

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Primary function: Flexion and Lateral Rotation of the Hip, Knee Flexion; Body location: Anterior thigh from hip to knee

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Orbicularis Oculi

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Primary function: Closes the eyelids; Body location: Around the eye socket

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Vastus Lateralis

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Primary function: Knee Extension; Body location: Lateral side of the thigh

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Brachioradialis

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Primary function: Elbow Flexion; Body location: Forearm

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Palmaris Longus

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Primary function: Wrist Flexion; Body location: Forearm

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Sternocleidomastoid

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Primary function: Flexes the neck laterally, rotates the head to the opposite side; Body location: Neck, from sternum/clavicle to mastoid process

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Orbicularis Oris

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Primary function: Closes and Puckers the Lips; Body location: Around the mouth

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Iliopsoas

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Primary function: Hip Flexion; Body location: Deep in the abdomen, posterior to the intestine

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Temporalis

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Primary function: Elevation and Retraction of the Mandible; Body location: Side of the head above and near the ear

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Frontalis

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Primary function: Raises Eyebrows, Wrinkles Forehead; Body location: Forehead

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Pronator Teres

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Primary function: Pronates the Forearm; Body location: Forearm

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Vastus Medialis

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Primary function: Knee Extension; Body location: Medial side of the thigh

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Brachialis

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Primary function: Primary Elbow Flexor; Body location: Upper arm, lying deep to the biceps brachii

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Masseter

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Primary function: Elevation of the Mandible (jaw closure); Body location: Side of the face, connecting the lower jaw to the cheekbone

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Extensor Digitorum

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Primary function: Extension of Fingers and Wrist; Body location: Posterior forearm

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Flexor Digitorum Profundus

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Primary function: Flexes Distal Interphalangeal Joints of the Fingers; Body location: Forearm

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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

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Primary function: Wrist Extension and Ulnar Deviation; Body location: Posterior forearm

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Semitendinosus

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Primary function: Knee Flexion and Hip Extension; Body location: Posterior thigh

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Buccinator

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Primary function: Compresses the Cheek; Body location: Cheek area, between the maxilla and mandible

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Flexor Carpi Radialis

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Primary function: Wrist Flexion and Radial Deviation; Body location: Forearm

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