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Muscle Groups
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Biceps Brachii
Primary function: Elbow Flexion; Body location: Anterior upper arm
Triceps Brachii
Primary function: Elbow Extension; Body location: Posterior upper arm
Deltoid
Primary function: Shoulder Abduction; Body location: Shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
Primary function: Shoulder Extension, Adduction, and Medial Rotation; Body location: Lower back
Pectoralis Major
Primary function: Shoulder Flexion, Adduction, and Medial Rotation; Body location: Chest
Rectus Abdominis
Primary function: Flexes the lumbar spine; Body location: Midsection
Gluteus Maximus
Primary function: Hip Extension, Abduction, and External Rotation; Body location: Buttocks
Hamstrings
Primary function: Knee Flexion and Hip Extension; Body location: Posterior thigh
Quadriceps Femoris
Primary function: Knee Extension and Hip Flexion; Body location: Anterior thigh
Gastrocnemius
Primary function: Plantarflexion of the ankle; Body location: Calf
Soleus
Primary function: Plantarflexion of the ankle; Body location: Calf, deeper than the gastrocnemius
Trapezius
Primary function: Moves the scapulae and extends the neck; Body location: Upper back and neck
Rhomboids
Primary function: Scapular Retraction; Body location: Upper back, between the scapula and spine
Erector Spinae
Primary function: Extension of the vertebral column; Body location: Along the spine
Tibialis Anterior
Primary function: Dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot; Body location: Anterior shin
Obliques (External and Internal)
Primary function: Rotation and lateral flexion of the trunk; Body location: Sides of the abdomen
Serratus Anterior
Primary function: Scapular Protraction; Body location: Rib cage under the armpit
Supraspinatus
Primary function: Shoulder Abduction; Body location: Shoulder, above the scapular spine
Infraspinatus
Primary function: External Rotation of the Shoulder; Body location: Shoulder, below the scapular spine
Teres Major
Primary function: Shoulder Medial Rotation, Adduction, and Extension; Body location: Upper side of the back, under the scapula
Adductor Magnus
Primary function: Adduction of the Hip; Body location: Inner thigh
Gracilis
Primary function: Adduction of the Hip; Body location: Inner thigh
Sartorius
Primary function: Flexion and Lateral Rotation of the Hip, Knee Flexion; Body location: Anterior thigh from hip to knee
Iliopsoas
Primary function: Hip Flexion; Body location: Deep in the abdomen, posterior to the intestine
Semitendinosus
Primary function: Knee Flexion and Hip Extension; Body location: Posterior thigh
Brachioradialis
Primary function: Elbow Flexion; Body location: Forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Primary function: Wrist Flexion and Radial Deviation; Body location: Forearm
Palmaris Longus
Primary function: Wrist Flexion; Body location: Forearm
Extensor Digitorum
Primary function: Extension of Fingers and Wrist; Body location: Posterior forearm
Sternocleidomastoid
Primary function: Flexes the neck laterally, rotates the head to the opposite side; Body location: Neck, from sternum/clavicle to mastoid process
Temporalis
Primary function: Elevation and Retraction of the Mandible; Body location: Side of the head above and near the ear
Masseter
Primary function: Elevation of the Mandible (jaw closure); Body location: Side of the face, connecting the lower jaw to the cheekbone
Frontalis
Primary function: Raises Eyebrows, Wrinkles Forehead; Body location: Forehead
Orbicularis Oculi
Primary function: Closes the eyelids; Body location: Around the eye socket
Orbicularis Oris
Primary function: Closes and Puckers the Lips; Body location: Around the mouth
Buccinator
Primary function: Compresses the Cheek; Body location: Cheek area, between the maxilla and mandible
Vastus Lateralis
Primary function: Knee Extension; Body location: Lateral side of the thigh
Vastus Medialis
Primary function: Knee Extension; Body location: Medial side of the thigh
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Primary function: Flexes Distal Interphalangeal Joints of the Fingers; Body location: Forearm
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Primary function: Wrist Extension and Ulnar Deviation; Body location: Posterior forearm
Pronator Teres
Primary function: Pronates the Forearm; Body location: Forearm
Brachialis
Primary function: Primary Elbow Flexor; Body location: Upper arm, lying deep to the biceps brachii
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