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Bell's Theorem and Nonlocality
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Loopholes in Bell Test Experiments
Potential experimental weaknesses or unaccounted-for variables that could explain the observed violations of Bell's inequalities without invoking quantum nonlocality.
Counterfactual Definiteness
An assumption that it is possible to speak meaningfully of the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed (i.e., that the outcomes are predetermined).
No-Communication Theorem
A theorem in quantum mechanics stating that during quantum entanglement, it is impossible to use the entangled state to transmit classical information instantaneously.
Quantum Nonlocality
The observation that particles can be correlated in ways that seem to involve influences propagating faster than light, as detailed by quantum entanglement and violations of Bell's inequalities.
Bell Test Experiments
Experiments designed to test the validity of Bell's inequalities; they have consistently supported the predictions of quantum mechanics over local hidden variable theories.
Reality Criterion by EPR
The EPR reality criterion proposes that if, without disturbing a system, it is possible to predict the value of a physical quantity with certainty, then there is an element of physical reality corresponding to this physical quantity.
Bell's Inequalities
A set of mathematical inequalities that must be satisfied by any local hidden variable theory but which are violated by quantum mechanics, as per experimental observations.
Bell's Theorem
A fundamental theorem in quantum mechanics demonstrating that some predictions of quantum mechanics are inconsistent with the theory of local hidden variables.
Aspect's Experiment
A series of groundbreaking experiments conducted by Alain Aspect in 1982 that provided strong evidence against local hidden variables, supporting the nonlocal nature of quantum mechanics.
Local Hidden Variables (LHV)
Hypothetical variables that would determine the behavior of a single quantum system independently of external influences, in contradiction to quantum entanglement.
EPR Paradox
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox highlights the strange nature of quantum mechanics by describing a situation where particles seem to instantaneously affect each other, regardless of distance.
Quantum Entanglement
A quantum phenomenon where pairs or groups of particles interact in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others.
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