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Feynman Diagrams Fundamentals
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External Lines
Represent incoming and outgoing particles in particle interactions, showing the initial and final states.
Vertices
Points where lines meet, representing the points of interaction between particles involving the fundamental forces.
Internal Lines
Represent the propagation of virtual particles that are intermediaries in the interaction process.
Wavy Lines
Represent the exchange of force-carrier particles, such as photons in quantum electrodynamics.
Straight Lines with Arrows
Represent fermions, where the arrow's direction indicates the particle's direction of travel through time (particles forward, antiparticles backward).
Solid Lines without Arrows
Represent scalar or uncharged particles without spin or particles whose spin information is not relevant to the interaction.
Dashed Lines
Typically represent particle exchanges involving scalar particles like the Higgs boson.
Loops
Indicate higher-order processes involving virtual particles that contribute to quantum corrections of basic interactions.
Arrow of Time
Determines the direction in which time progresses in the diagram, typically from left to right.
Color Coding
Used to distinguish between different types of particles and interactions, enhancing visual clarity and understanding.
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