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The science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks. The best-known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution which offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem.

A quantum phenomenon where pairs or groups of particles are generated or interact in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance.

A quantum key distribution scheme developed in 1984 by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard. It is the first and one of the most well-known QKD protocols, which utilizes the no-cloning theorem to ensure secure communication.

The fundamental unit of quantum information, analogous to a bit in classical computing. Qubits allow for the encoding of information in quantum states that can exist in superposition, enabling quantum computers to solve certain problems much more efficiently than classical computers.

A communication medium used to transmit quantum states, often in the form of photons through optical fibers or free space. Quantum channels are critical for the implementation of quantum networks and the internet.

A technique used in quantum communication to detect the presence of a third party attempting to gain knowledge of the key. This is typically accomplished by exploiting the changes induced by measurement on quantum states due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

A process by which the state of a qubit is transferred from one location to another, without moving through the intervening space, using a pair of entangled particles and classical communication.

An envisioned future internet that uses quantum signals to transmit information. It would rely on quantum entanglement and superposition to enable novel applications such as secure communications, distributed quantum computing, and enhanced sensing networks.

A theorem in quantum mechanics which states that it is impossible to create an identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. This is significant for quantum communication as it ensures the security of quantum cryptography.

The process by which a quantum system loses its quantum properties, typically through interaction with its environment. Decoherence is a major challenge in the development of quantum communication technologies.

A device that is used to extend the distance over which a quantum communication system can operate. It does this by segmenting the communication channel, storing quantum states, and performing entanglement swapping.