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In 1913, Niels Bohr developed his model for hydrogen by assuming that electrons can only occupy certain orbits. Each orbit corresponds to a specific energy level, echoing the principles of quantization and leading to the development of old quantum theory.

Werner Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle in 1927, which states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot both be precisely determined at the same time, implying a fundamental limitation on measurement and the non-deterministic nature of quantum mechanics.

In 1900, Max Planck proposed that energy is quantized, introducing the Planck constant ($h$). This resolved the black-body radiation problem by assuming that energy could only be absorbed or emitted in discrete 'quanta', laying the groundwork for quantum mechanics.

Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect in 1905, for which he received the Nobel Prize. His work proposed that light could also be described as quanta of energy (photons), demonstrating the particle nature of light and supporting the concept of quantization.

Paul Dirac formalized quantum mechanics and introduced quantum field theory in 1927. His work unified quantum mechanics and special relativity, predicted the existence of antimatter, and played a crucial role in the development of particle physics.

Developed by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg in the mid-1920s, the Copenhagen interpretation is a philosophical explanation of the meaning of quantum mechanics. It supports a probabilistic view of quantum events and the principle of complementarity.

Developed in the 1940s, QED resolved the inconsistencies between quantum mechanics and electromagnetic theory. It describes how light and matter interact and was the first successful quantum field theory, influencing future developments in particle physics.

Erwin Schrödinger created the wave equation in 1926, a fundamental equation of quantum mechanics that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes over time. It represented particles as wavefunctions rather than just points, revolutionizing our understanding of quantum behavior.

The Solvay Conferences, first held in 1911, were critical in the development of quantum mechanics. Many prominent scientists, including Einstein, Planck, and Bohr, gathered to discuss the nascent theory, leading to critical debates and advances in quantum theory.

In 1964, John Bell introduced Bell's theorem, which demonstrated that no theory based on local hidden variables could reproduce all the predictions of quantum mechanics, highlighting the entangled nature of quantum states and setting the stage for quantum information theory.

In the 1940s, Richard Feynman formulated the path integral framework, which reimagined quantum mechanics in terms of sums over all possible histories of a system. This led to alternative methods for calculating quantum probabilities and new insights into quantum theory.