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Quantum Measurement Problem
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Wavefunction Collapse
The process by which a quantum system's wavefunction becomes a single eigenstate due to a measurement, presenting an issue of when and how this collapse occurs.
Superposition
The principle that quantum systems can exist in multiple states at once until measured, challenging the classical idea of a definitive state before measurement.
Observer Effect
The concept that the act of observing a quantum system can alter its state, leading to questions about the role of the observer in quantum mechanics.
Eigenstates and Eigenvalues
The possible states of a quantum system associated with distinct observed values, causing issues with understanding how probabilities of outcomes change upon measurement.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
The limit on the precision with which pairs of physical properties, like position and momentum, can be known simultaneously, leading to intrinsic uncertainties in quantum measurements.
Decoherence
The loss of quantum coherence in systems as they interact with their environment, raising the issue of how classical reality emerges from quantum mechanics.
Measurement Problem
The paradox of how quantum probability turns into classical certainty at measurement, questioning the nature of reality and whether it's determined or probabilistic.
Von Neumann–Wigner Interpretation
A consciousness-based interpretation suggesting that a conscious observer's mind causes the collapse, creating a controversial link between mind and matter.
Many-Worlds Interpretation
This interpretation avoids wavefunction collapse by postulating that all possible outcomes of quantum measurements are physically realized in a multiverse of branching universes, challenging the uniqueness of our experience.
Quantum Zeno Effect
The phenomenon where frequent observations of a quantum system can prevent it from evolving, contributing to the mystery of how evolution and observation intersect in quantum mechanics.
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