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Famous Quantum Experiments
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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
States that the more precisely the position of a particle is determined, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa, due to the mutual influence of the measurements.
Bell's Theorem
Proved that no theory of local hidden variables could ever reproduce all of the predictions of quantum mechanics, strongly supporting the concept of quantum entanglement.
Copenhagen Interpretation
Proposed that a quantum system exists in a superposition of states until it is observed, at which point it collapses into one state. This interpretation was one of the first to describe fully quantum theory.
Quantum Entanglement
Describes the way that two or more particles can become linked so that the state of one particle can instantaneously influence the state of the other, no matter the distance separating them.
Quantum Tunneling
Occurs when particles move through a barrier that would be insurmountable in classical mechanics; it is fundamental for the operation of many modern devices, including the tunnel diode.
Stern-Gerlach Experiment
Confirmed that particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum that is quantized (spin), providing evidence of quantum mechanics over classical Newtonian physics.
Schrodinger's Cat
A thought experiment that presents a cat that may be simultaneously both alive and dead, a paradox that illustrates the problem of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics when applied to everyday objects.
EPR Paradox
Highlighted the strange nature of quantum entanglement and spawned the debate on the completeness of quantum mechanics, leading to the formulation of the concept of 'spooky action at a distance'.
Davisson-Germer Experiment
Confirmed the de Broglie hypothesis that particles exhibit wave-like behavior, by demonstrating the wave nature of electrons and the concept of electron diffraction.
Double-Slit Experiment
Demonstrated that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles; it also illustrates the fundamental limitation of the observer effect in quantum mechanics.
Quantum Superposition
A fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that states a physical system exists partially in all its theoretically possible states simultaneously; it only collapses into a definite state when measured.
De Broglie Hypothesis
Suggested that all matter has a wave-like nature; this concept forms a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics.
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