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A quantum field is an entity in quantum field theory that pervades all of space, and particles are seen as excitations in the field.

The Lagrangian density is a function that summarizes the dynamics of a field. The action is obtained by integrating the Lagrangian density over spacetime.

It is a formulation of quantum field theory that generalizes the action principle of classical mechanics. It sums over all possible histories of a system.

It refers to fields that obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and are associated with particles like electrons that have half-integer spin.

Fields that obey Bose-Einstein statistics, corresponding to particles like photons with integer spin.

The relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics, describing the interactions between charged particles and electromagnetic fields.

It's a principle stating that certain physical quantities or observables are not affected by local transformations of certain fields.

The theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental particles of the hadron family of particles.

A process where a symmetric state leads to an asymmetric state under the dynamics of the given quantum field theory, often giving mass to gauge bosons via the Higgs mechanism.

A mathematical process to remove infinities from quantum field theories to make physical predictions finite and meaningful.

Pictorial representations of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior and interaction of subatomic particles, used extensively in quantum field theory.

The expected value of a field’s operator in its ground state, crucial for understanding spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Higgs mechanism.

A function or distribution that specifies the probability amplitude for a particle to travel from one point to another in a given time, describing how particles propagate through spacetime.

A relationship in quantum electrodynamics and other gauge theories that reflects the invariance under local gauge transformations.

A fundamental particle associated with the Higgs field, responsible for giving mass to other particles via the Higgs mechanism.

A principle in quantum mechanics where a physical system can exist in multiple states or configurations simultaneously and is described by a linear combination of these states.

A quantum mechanical phenomenon where the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects may be spatially separated.