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Kabbalah: Jewish Mystical Concepts
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Pardes
Pardes refers to the four levels of interpreting the Torah in Jewish mysticism: Peshat (simple), Remez (alluded), Derash (homiletical), and Sod (secret). Sod represents the mystical and Kabbalistic dimensions of Torah study, unlocking deeper spiritual insights.
Keter
Keter, meaning 'crown', is the topmost of the ten sefirot in the Kabbalistic Tree of Life. It represents the will of God, the absolute compassion, and is associated with the hidden divine will that precedes any action.
Ayin and Yesh
In Kabbalah, Ayin (nothingness) and Yesh (something) are used to describe states of being. Ayin refers to the divine, incomprehensible nothingness prior to creation, while Yesh denotes existence and the created, manifest world.
Sefirot
Sefirot are the ten attributes or emanations through which the Ein Sof reveals Himself and continuously creates both the physical realm and the chain of higher metaphysical realms. Sefirot are channels of Divine creative life force or consciousness.
Lurianic Kabbalah
Lurianic Kabbalah refers to the teachings and systems developed by Rabbi Isaac Luria in the 16th century, which emphasize the concepts of tzimtzum (Divine contraction), shevirat ha-kelim (the shattering of the vessels), and tikkun (restoration), reshaping Kabbalistic thought.
Gilgul
Gilgul is the Kabbalistic concept of reincarnation or soul transmigration, where souls evolve through multiple lifetimes until they have fulfilled their specific tasks and rectified their blemishes, ultimately aiming for spiritual perfection.
Tree of Life
The Tree of Life is a central symbol in Kabbalah that depicts the ten sefirot and describes the path of the divine as it descends into the world. It is used as a meditative tool and maps the complexities of human consciousness aligned with divine emanation.
Zohar
The Zohar is the foundational work of Kabbalistic literature, traditionally attributed to Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. Composed in Spain in the late 13th century, it is a mystical commentary on the Torah, containing deep allegorical exegesis and insights into the divine realms.
Tzaddik
In the Kabbalistic tradition, a Tzaddik is more than just a righteous person; they are a spiritual master who has achieved a deep connection with the divine, often serving as a spiritual guide and intermediary between higher realms and the community.
Ein Sof
Ein Sof, or Eyn Sof, is the Kabbalistic term for the infinite and boundless God prior to any self-manifestation in the production of any spiritual realm. It represents the divine in its most transcendent essence.
Tikkun Olam
Tikkun Olam means 'repair of the world' and refers to the Kabbalistic theme of contributing to the restoration of balance in the universe through ethical actions, prayer, and adherence to spiritual paths, helping to elevate the divine sparks scattered in the physical world.
Tzimtzum
Tzimtzum is the Kabbalistic concept of 'contraction' or 'constriction', describing God's process of withdrawal from a part of the divine light to create a conceptual space in which finite and seemingly independent realms can exist.
Shekhinah
The Shekhinah represents the feminine divine presence of God in the world, often associated with the divine receptivity and nurturing aspects. It especially plays a role in the mystical dimension of Shabbat, as it is welcomed and celebrated as a bride.
Baal Shem Tov
The Baal Shem Tov, also known as Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, was the founder of the Hasidic movement in the 18th century. His teachings infused Kabbalistic concepts with a focus on pious joy, prayer, and the presence of God in all aspects of life.
Merkabah Mysticism
Merkabah Mysticism is an early Jewish mysticism, dating to Talmudic times, focused on visions and ascents into the heavenly chariot or Merkabah. It is considered a precursor to the Kabbalah and deals with themes of heavenly ascension and divine revelation.
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