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Agricultural Biotechnology

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Proteomics

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Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. In agriculture, it's used to understand plant responses to stress and to improve crop productivity and quality.

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CRISPR-Cas9

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CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that allows for precise, directed changes to genomic DNA. In agriculture, it's used to improve crop resistance to diseases and pests, enhance nutritional content, and increase yield.

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DNA Barcoding

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DNA Barcoding involves sequencing a short genetic marker in an organism's DNA. In agriculture, it is used for species identification, which aids in tracking the spread of pests and diseases.

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Phytoremediation

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Phytoremediation uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, or destroy contaminants in soil and water. It's applied in agriculture to clean up heavy metal-polluted soils or to manage agricultural runoff.

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Plant Cloning

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Plant Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical copies of a plant through asexual reproduction. It's utilized in agriculture for propagating high-yielding or disease-resistant plant varieties.

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Genetic Modification

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Genetic Modification refers to the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. In agriculture, it's used to introduce new traits like insect resistance or drought tolerance in crops.

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Transgenic Organisms

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Transgenic organisms are those that have been genetically engineered to contain DNA from another species. This is used in agriculture to create crops with desired traits such as pest resistance or increased nutritional value.

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Nutrigenomics

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Nutrigenomics studies the interactions between nutrients and genes to understand how specific foods affect health. In agriculture, it informs the development of nutritionally enhanced food crops.

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Bioinformatics

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Bioinformatics involves the use of computational tools to analyze and interpret biological data. In agriculture, it's applied to analyze genetic information, improving the understanding and breeding of crops and livestock.

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RNA Interference (RNAi)

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process where RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by neutralizing targeted mRNA. In agriculture, RNAi is used to develop crops that are resistant to viruses and pests.

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Tissue Culture

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Tissue Culture is the cultivation of plant or animal cells in a controlled artificial environment. In agriculture, it's used for developing disease-resistant plants or rapidly propagating a plant species.

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Biofuels

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Biofuels are fuels produced from living organisms or metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products). Agriculture contributes to biofuel production by providing biomass crops like corn and sugarcane for ethanol production.

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Plant Genome Sequencing

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Plant Genome Sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of a plant's genome. It aids in identifying genes associated with traits of interest in agriculture, facilitating targeted breeding.

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Hybrid Vigor (Heterosis)

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Hybrid Vigor refers to the phenomenon where hybrid offspring exhibit qualities superior to those of both parents, such as higher growth rates or yield. In agriculture, it's exploited to produce better-performing crops and livestock.

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Herbicide Tolerance

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Herbicide Tolerance is a genetic trait engineered into crops, which allows them to withstand specific herbicides that kill weeds. This trait enables farmers to control weeds without damaging the crop plants.

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Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. In agriculture, it's used to create genetically modified crops with traits like higher yields or resistance to herbicides.

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Micropropagation

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Micropropagation is a plant tissue culture technique used to produce large numbers of identical plants from a single seed or plant part. It is used for rapid multiplication of disease-free and genetically uniform planting material.

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Marker-Assisted Selection

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Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) involves the use of molecular markers linked to desirable traits to select for those traits in crop breeding programs, increasing the efficiency of breeding.

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Biotech Crops (GMOs)

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Biotech Crops, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), are plants that have been genetically altered for desired traits. They are used in agriculture to enhance yield, nutritional value, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress.

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Soil Microbiome

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The Soil Microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms living in the soil, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Understanding the soil microbiome helps in agriculture to enhance soil fertility and plant health.

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