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Bioinformatics involves the use of computational tools to analyze and interpret biological data. In agriculture, it's applied to analyze genetic information, improving the understanding and breeding of crops and livestock.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that allows for precise, directed changes to genomic DNA. In agriculture, it's used to improve crop resistance to diseases and pests, enhance nutritional content, and increase yield.

Genetic Engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. In agriculture, it's used to create genetically modified crops with traits like higher yields or resistance to herbicides.

Nutrigenomics studies the interactions between nutrients and genes to understand how specific foods affect health. In agriculture, it informs the development of nutritionally enhanced food crops.

The Soil Microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms living in the soil, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Understanding the soil microbiome helps in agriculture to enhance soil fertility and plant health.

Biofuels are fuels produced from living organisms or metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products). Agriculture contributes to biofuel production by providing biomass crops like corn and sugarcane for ethanol production.

Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) involves the use of molecular markers linked to desirable traits to select for those traits in crop breeding programs, increasing the efficiency of breeding.

Phytoremediation uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, or destroy contaminants in soil and water. It's applied in agriculture to clean up heavy metal-polluted soils or to manage agricultural runoff.

Herbicide Tolerance is a genetic trait engineered into crops, which allows them to withstand specific herbicides that kill weeds. This trait enables farmers to control weeds without damaging the crop plants.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process where RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by neutralizing targeted mRNA. In agriculture, RNAi is used to develop crops that are resistant to viruses and pests.

Plant Genome Sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of a plant's genome. It aids in identifying genes associated with traits of interest in agriculture, facilitating targeted breeding.

Plant Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical copies of a plant through asexual reproduction. It's utilized in agriculture for propagating high-yielding or disease-resistant plant varieties.

Genetic Modification refers to the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. In agriculture, it's used to introduce new traits like insect resistance or drought tolerance in crops.

DNA Barcoding involves sequencing a short genetic marker in an organism's DNA. In agriculture, it is used for species identification, which aids in tracking the spread of pests and diseases.

Biotech Crops, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), are plants that have been genetically altered for desired traits. They are used in agriculture to enhance yield, nutritional value, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress.

Hybrid Vigor refers to the phenomenon where hybrid offspring exhibit qualities superior to those of both parents, such as higher growth rates or yield. In agriculture, it's exploited to produce better-performing crops and livestock.

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. In agriculture, it's used to understand plant responses to stress and to improve crop productivity and quality.

Transgenic organisms are those that have been genetically engineered to contain DNA from another species. This is used in agriculture to create crops with desired traits such as pest resistance or increased nutritional value.

Micropropagation is a plant tissue culture technique used to produce large numbers of identical plants from a single seed or plant part. It is used for rapid multiplication of disease-free and genetically uniform planting material.