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Agronomy Terms
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Yield
The measure of the amount of crop harvested per unit area of land cultivation, and is usually expressed in units per specific area.
Companion Planting
The cultivation of different plant species in close proximity for pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, and to otherwise increase crop productivity.
Legume
A group of plants that have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use.
Photosynthesis
The process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.
Tillage
The agricultural preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation, such as digging, stirring, and overturning.
Soil Amendment
A material added to soil to improve its physical or chemical properties, such as drainage, aeration, or nutrient content.
Allelopathy
A biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
Monoculture
The agricultural practice of producing or growing one single crop over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.
Mulching
A technique used to cover the soil surface around plants to conserve moisture, improve soil conditions, reduce weed growth, and enhance visual appeal.
Chlorosis
A condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll, causing them to turn yellow or pale.
Crop Rotation
The practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequenced of growing seasons to improve soil health, optimize nutrients, and combat pest and weed pressure.
Pathogen
Any organism that causes disease in plants, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes.
Soil Texture
The classification of soil based on its relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles, affecting water retention and penetration, and root growth.
Subsistence Farming
A type of farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.
Weed
A plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, 'a plant in the wrong place'.
Zoonotic
A term that describes diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans under natural conditions. These can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi.
Rhizosphere
The area of soil surrounding the roots of a plant where complex interactions occur between the plant, the soil, and the microorganisms present.
No-Till Farming
An agricultural technique that involves growing crops without disrupting the soil through tillage, which can reduce soil erosion and improve soil health.
Biomagnification
The process by which the concentration of a substance, such as pesticides or heavy metals, increases in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.
N-P-K
Refers to the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in fertilizers, which are the three primary nutrients required for plant growth.
Transpiration
The process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.
Soil Profile
A vertical section of the soil from the ground surface downwards to where the soil meets the underlying rock, showing the different layers of soil (horizons).
Sustainable Agriculture
Farming practices that meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs, by preserving environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity.
Xeriscaping
A method of landscaping that involves the selection of plants that can be maintained with little supplemental watering.
Hydroponics
A method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent.
Humus
The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
Cover Crop
A crop planted primarily to manage soil erosion, soil fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity and wildlife in an agroecosystem.
Vermicomposting
The process of composting using various species of worms to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.
Loam
Soil composed of a balance of sand, silt, and clay, which often contains organic matter and is considered to be ideal for gardening and agricultural uses.
Mycorrhiza
A symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant, where the fungus aids the plant in nutrient absorption in exchange for carbohydrates.
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