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Agronomy Terms

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Yield

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The measure of the amount of crop harvested per unit area of land cultivation, and is usually expressed in units per specific area.

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Companion Planting

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The cultivation of different plant species in close proximity for pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, and to otherwise increase crop productivity.

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Legume

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A group of plants that have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use.

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Photosynthesis

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The process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.

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Tillage

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The agricultural preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation, such as digging, stirring, and overturning.

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Soil Amendment

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A material added to soil to improve its physical or chemical properties, such as drainage, aeration, or nutrient content.

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Allelopathy

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A biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.

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Monoculture

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The agricultural practice of producing or growing one single crop over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.

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Mulching

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A technique used to cover the soil surface around plants to conserve moisture, improve soil conditions, reduce weed growth, and enhance visual appeal.

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Chlorosis

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A condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll, causing them to turn yellow or pale.

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Crop Rotation

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The practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequenced of growing seasons to improve soil health, optimize nutrients, and combat pest and weed pressure.

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Pathogen

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Any organism that causes disease in plants, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes.

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Soil Texture

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The classification of soil based on its relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles, affecting water retention and penetration, and root growth.

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Subsistence Farming

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A type of farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.

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Weed

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A plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, 'a plant in the wrong place'.

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Zoonotic

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A term that describes diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans under natural conditions. These can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi.

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Rhizosphere

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The area of soil surrounding the roots of a plant where complex interactions occur between the plant, the soil, and the microorganisms present.

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No-Till Farming

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An agricultural technique that involves growing crops without disrupting the soil through tillage, which can reduce soil erosion and improve soil health.

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Biomagnification

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The process by which the concentration of a substance, such as pesticides or heavy metals, increases in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.

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N-P-K

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Refers to the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in fertilizers, which are the three primary nutrients required for plant growth.

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Transpiration

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The process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.

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Soil Profile

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A vertical section of the soil from the ground surface downwards to where the soil meets the underlying rock, showing the different layers of soil (horizons).

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Sustainable Agriculture

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Farming practices that meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs, by preserving environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity.

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Xeriscaping

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A method of landscaping that involves the selection of plants that can be maintained with little supplemental watering.

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Hydroponics

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A method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent.

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Humus

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The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.

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Cover Crop

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A crop planted primarily to manage soil erosion, soil fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity and wildlife in an agroecosystem.

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Vermicomposting

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The process of composting using various species of worms to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.

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Loam

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Soil composed of a balance of sand, silt, and clay, which often contains organic matter and is considered to be ideal for gardening and agricultural uses.

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Mycorrhiza

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A symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant, where the fungus aids the plant in nutrient absorption in exchange for carbohydrates.

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