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Agricultural Trade & Export
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Commodity Futures
Financial contracts obligating the buyer to purchase an asset (like a physical commodity) or the seller to sell an asset, often used to hedge price risks in agriculture.
Export Subsidies
Government financial support to help domestic producers export their products, aiming to make them more competitive internationally, which can lead to increased agricultural exports.
Tariff Rate Quotas
A trade policy tool that allows a set quantity of imports at a reduced tariff rate, after which higher tariffs apply, affecting market access for agricultural goods.
Food Security
The availability and access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food, with trade and export being crucial to achieving it in countries that depend on food imports.
Phytosanitary Measures
Standards to protect agricultural ecosystems against pests and diseases through trade regulations, crucial for maintaining the health of domestic agriculture.
Agribusiness
The business sector encompassing farming and farming-related commercial activities, where export strategies can significantly impact profitability and sustainability.
Non-tariff Barriers
Trade barriers that restrict imports or exports of goods through mechanisms other than tariffs, like quotas, embargoes, or sanitary regulations, affecting agricultural trade flows.
Trade Liberalization
The process of reducing trade barriers to allow for the freer flow of goods and services across borders, which can increase agricultural exports and improve market access.
Supply Chain
The sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity, with the efficiency of these chains being key to export success in agriculture.
Subsistence Agriculture
Farming systems where the primary objective is to feed the farmer’s family, with little-to-no goods produced for export.
Vertical Integration
An arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is owned by that company, which in agriculture can streamline processes and enhance export competitiveness.
Direct Exporting
When a producer or supplier sends their products directly to buyers in another country without intermediaries, often leading to greater market control and profits in agriculture.
Food Miles
A term reflecting the distance food travels from where it is grown to where it is ultimately purchased or consumed, with implications for sustainability and agriculture's carbon footprint.
Fair Trade
A social movement aiming to help producers in developing countries attain better trading conditions and promote sustainability, impacting how agricultural goods are sourced and traded.
Biofuels
Fuels derived from biological materials, such as ethanol or biodiesel, with the export of these fuels being a significant market for some agricultural sectors.
Bilateral Trade Agreements
Trade agreements between two countries to give each other preferential trade terms, access to markets, or reduced tariffs, often impacting agricultural exports.
Green Revolution
A period of agricultural transformation in the 20th century with massive increases in yields due to improved techniques and products, leading to changes in global trade patterns.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, with implications for yield, resistance, and international trade of agricultural products.
Traceability
The capability to track the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products, important for safety, quality control, and meeting export regulations.
Organic Farming
Agricultural production systems that do not use synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified organisms, attracting a premium in export markets concerned with health and sustainability.
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