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Agroecology is a scientific discipline that applies ecological principles to agricultural systems, aiming to create sustainable and resource-conserving agricultural practices.

GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, often to increase resistance to pests or enhance nutritional profile, which has implications for food supply and agricultural regulation.

Food security is a condition where all people have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.

Agribusiness refers to the various businesses involved in food production, including farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing, and retail sales.

Agricultural extension is an educational service aimed at transferring knowledge and research findings to farmers to help them improve productivity and sustainability.

Sustainable agriculture is the practice of farming using principles of ecology, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment, to ensure that the production of food does not harm the environment or deplete resources.

A subsidy is financial assistance provided by the government to farmers or agribusinesses to support and stabilize the agriculture sector and ensure a secure food supply.

Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much lower use of synthetic chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, relying instead on natural processes and materials to maintain soil fertility and control pests.

The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant increase in agricultural productivity due to the development of new high-yielding varieties of crops, use of pesticides, and improved irrigation methods.

Conservation tillage is a farming practice that reduces soil erosion and water loss by minimizing the frequency and intensity of tilling, thus preserving soil structure and moisture.

Crop rotation is the practice of planting different types of crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health, reduce pest and disease pressure, and potentially increase crop yield.

Monoculture is the practice of cultivating a single crop over a wide area for successive years, which can lead to biodiversity loss and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.

Food miles refer to the distance food items travel from where they are grown to where they are consumed, which can have a significant impact on carbon emissions and is a factor in sustainable food policy decisions.

Cross-compliance is a policy framework that requires farmers to adhere to certain environmental, public health, animal health, and animal welfare standards in order to be eligible for subsidies and other forms of governmental support.