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Common Livestock Diseases
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African Swine Fever
Symptoms: High fever, vomiting, bleeding skin lesions. Treatment: No treatment; culling affected swine is necessary. Prevention: Strict biosecurity, controlling wild boar populations.
Scrapie
Symptoms: Behavioral changes, itching, wool loss. Treatment: None, euthanasia recommended. Prevention: Breeding for genetic resistance, culling affected animals.
Brucellosis
Symptoms: Abortion, infertility, joint swelling. Treatment: Antibiotics may help, but culling is often practiced. Prevention: Vaccination, testing, and removing infected animals.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
Symptoms: Reproductive failure, pneumonia in piglets. Treatment: Management practices, supportive care. Prevention: Biosecurity, vaccination.
Johne's Disease
Symptoms: Weight loss, diarrhea, decreased milk production. Treatment: There is no effective treatment; culling is often necessary. Prevention: Testing and removing infected animals, maintaining hygiene.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
Symptoms: Behavior changes, lack of coordination. Treatment: None, euthanasia is necessary. Prevention: Avoid feeding animals with meat and bone meal from bovines.
Avian Influenza
Symptoms: Respiratory distress, decreased egg production, swelling. Treatment: Culling of affected poultry. Prevention: Biosecurity, vaccination in some regions.
Bluetongue
Symptoms: Fever, swollen tongue, lameness. Treatment: Symptomatic care as there is no specific treatment. Prevention: Control of biting midges, vaccination where available.
Madura Foot
Symptoms: Swelling of feet, formation of nodules, discharge. Treatment: Anti-fungal and antibiotic medication, surgical removal of lesions may be necessary. Prevention: Good hygiene, proper care of wounds.
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)
Symptoms: Coughing, nasal discharge, rapid breathing. Treatment: Antibiotics, supportive care. Prevention: Vaccination, good ventilation, minimize stress.
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
Symptoms: Fever, blisters in mouth and on feet, drooling. Treatment: Vaccines (in some countries), culling infected animals. Prevention: Biosecurity measures, controlled animal movement.
Mastitis
Symptoms: Swollen udder, abnormal milk. Treatment: Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories. Prevention: Proper milking hygiene, culling chronically infected animals.
Contagious Ecthyma
Symptoms: Scabby lesions around lips, mouth, and udder. Treatment: Usually self-limiting, supportive care. Prevention: Hygiene, isolate affected animals, vaccination.
Coccidiosis
Symptoms: Diarrhea, blood in feces, lethargy. Treatment: Antiprotozoal drugs, supportive care. Prevention: Good sanitation, proper feeding, coccidiostats in feed.
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
Symptoms: Severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration. Treatment: Supportive care, fluids, electrolyte replacement. Prevention: Biosecurity, vaccination, maintain hygiene.
Ringworm
Symptoms: Circular lesions on skin, hair loss, itching. Treatment: Antifungal medication. Prevention: Environment sanitation, avoid overcrowding, treatment of infected animals.
Pink Eye (Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis)
Symptoms: Eye redness, discharge, corneal ulcers. Treatment: Antibiotic eye drops or ointment, fly control. Prevention: Good hygiene, fly control, avoiding dusty conditions.
Tuberculosis
Symptoms: Chronic cough, weight loss, lethargy. Treatment: Long-term antibiotics, but often culling is preferred. Prevention: Testing and culling, maintaining good hygiene.
Rabies
Symptoms: Behavioral changes, paralysis, excessive salivation. Treatment: No treatment once symptoms appear, euthanasia required. Prevention: Vaccination, control of wild animals.
Anthrax
Symptoms: Sudden death, dark blood from orifices, rapid decomposition. Treatment: Antibiotics if detected early, but rarely an option. Prevention: Vaccination, proper disposal of carcasses.
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